51. In WHO2016 classification, the urothelial proliferation of uncertain malignant potential refers to the lesion formerly called
(A) Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential
(B)Reactive atypia
(C)Dysplasia
(D)Papillary and flat urothelial hyperplasia

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52. The most compatible immunoprofile of so-called invasive urothelial carcinoma of “luminal type” is(A) CK5/6+ GATA3+ (B)CK5/6- GATA3+(C)CK5/6+ GATA3-(D)CK5/6- GATA3-

53 The triple immunostain cocktail recommended for diagnosing limited prostatic adenocarcinoma (2016 WHO, p.147) comprises (A) AMACR/NKX3.1/high-molecular weight cytokeratin (B)AMACR/p63/ high-molecular weight cytokeratin (C)AE1/AE3/AMACR(D)ERG/PSMA/NKX3.1

54. According to 2016 WHO classification, a dermoid cyst in the testis found in a 20- year-old man is classified as (A)Teratoma, prepubertal-type (B)Teratoma, postpubertal-type (C)Germ cell tumor, type III (D)Non-germ cell tumor

55. Which of the following statements about IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is INCORRECT?(A) Dominant or codominant IgA mesangial staining is essential for diagnosis. (B)Antigenic galactose-deficient IgA1 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of IgAN. IgG or IgA autoantibodies form immune complexes with aberrantly galactosylated IgA1 leading to glomerular deposition.(C)The parameters in Oxford classification of IgAN include mesangial hypercellularity (M), endocapillary hypercellularity( E ), segmental sclerosis (S), interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (T) and crescents ( C ). (D)Henoch-Schönlein purpura also has glomerular mesangial IgA deposition, and can be distinguished from IgAN by renal biopsy.

56. Which of the following statements about membranous nephropathy (MN) is INCORRECT?(A)Primary MN (previously called idiopathic MN) is now considered a kidneyspecific, autoimmune glomerular disease due to autoantibodies against certain native podocyte antigens.(B)The phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) is the antigen in about 70% of patients with primary MN. (C)The presence of endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions by electron microscopy would suggest a diagnosis of primary MN. (D)Thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A), another target antigen of primary MN, may be overexpressed by certain malignancies leading to MN.

57. 下列何者正確? (A) The most frequent cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding is generalized metabolic disturbances.(B)Activation of the PTEN is a common genetic alteration in both endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma.(C)High-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma usually has a translocation of JAZF1 gene, fused to a second gene, such as SUZ12. (D)Most vulvar cancers are not related to HPV and develop in a background of lichen sclerosus or squamous cell hyperplasia.