57. What is the order of the nephron? 1. Thick segment of ascending limb. 2. Distal tubule. 3. Descending limb. 4. Glomerulus. 5. Thin segment of ascending limb. 6. Collecting duct. 7. Proximal tubule.
(A) 4 → 2 → 3 → 5 → 1 → 7 → 6
(B) 4 → 7 → 3 → 5 → 1 → 2 → 6
(C) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1 → 5 → 7 → 6
(D) 4 → 7 → 5 → 1 → 3 → 2 → 6
(E) 4 → 2 → 7 → 1 → 5 → 3 → 6

53. Which of the following statements about inherited disorders is FALSE? (A) Cystic fibrosis, a recessive disease, is caused by the defect of Cl- transporter. (B) Tay-Sachs disease, a dominate disease, is caused by the defect in mitochondria. (C) Phenylketonuria, a recessive disease, is caused by inability to metabolized phenylalanine. (D) Huntingon’s disease, a dominate disease, is a neuron degenerative disease. (E) Sickle-cell disease caused by T to A substitution results in defect of hemoglobin.

複選題54. Which of the following statements about bacterial replication fork is FALSE? (A) Helicase breaks and unwinds parental DNA. (B) Primase synthesizes DNA primers. (C) DNA polymerase III synthesizes leading strand. (D) DNA polymerase I removes the primers. (E) DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments.

55. Which of the following statements about the molecules of appetite regulation is FALSE? (A) Hormone ghrelin is secreted by stomach to trigger feelings of hunger. (B) Hormone insulin is secreted by pancreas to suppress appetite by brain. (C) Hormone leptin is secreted by adipose to suppress appetite. (D) Hormone PYY is secreted by small intestine to suppress appetite. (E) Hormone syndecan is secreted by hypothalamus to trigger appetite.

56. What is the order of the control of heart rhythm? 1. Signals are delayed at AV node. 2. Bundle branches pass signals to heart apex. 3. Signals from SA node spread. 4. Signals spread throughout ventricles. (A) 3 → 4 → 2 → 1 (B) 4 → 1 → 3 → 2 (C) 3 → 1 → 2 → 4 (D) 2 → 1 → 4 → 3 (E) 2 → 3 → 4 → 1

58. Which of the following statements about the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction is FALSE? (A) Acetylcholine releases and triggers an action potential in muscle fiber. (B) Action potential is propagated along plasma membrane and down T tubules. (C) Action potential triggers Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). (D) Ca2+ bind to tropomyosin and release myosin-binding sites to initiate muscle contraction. (E) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease of muscle fibers atrophy caused by motor neuron degeneration.

59. Which of the following statements about skeleton is FALSE? (A) Nematodes use hydrostatic skeleton to move. (B) The exoskeletons of insect contain chitin. (C) The osteoblasts are bone-building cells. (D) The osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells. (E) The joint between the head of ulna and the humerus is a pivot joint.

60. Which of the following statements about plant hormones is FALSE? (A) Auxin (IAA) is produced by shoot apical meristems to stimulate stem elongation. (B) Cytokinins are synthesized in roots to regulate cell division. (C) Gibberellins (GA) are produced by meristems of apical buds to stimulate pollen development. (D) Ethylene can be produced by most parts of the plant to promote ripening of fruits. (E) Jasmonates are derived from cartenoid regulate floral development. Ⅱ.

複選題61. Which of the following statements about eukaryotic transcription is FALSE? (A) Transcription factors bind on the TATA box of promoters. (B) RNA polymerase II unwinds the double strand DNA and synthesis mRNAs. (C) MyoD is a transcription factor committing cells into skeletal muscle. (D) The direct binding of enhancer with the promoter increases the rate of gene expression. (E) The start point is the nucleotide where RNA synthesis actually begins. .

62. Which of the following statements about protist is FALSE? (A) Entamoeba histolytica moves by pseudopodia and causes intestinal illness. (B) Trypanosoma moves by flagella and causes sleeping sickness. (C) Plasmodium moves by cilia and causes malaria. (D) Paramecium moves by cilia and the genetic variation results from conjugation. (E) Trichomonas moves by flagella and causes sexually transmitted disease.

63. Which of the following statements is FALSE? (A) The hilum was observed in the starch grains of potato under microscope. (B) The liver cells of pig may contain more than one nucleus. (C) The shape of pigment cells in the fish scale is irregular. (D) The fat cells stained by Sudan dye turned into blue color. (E) The composition of crystals in the plants can be CaCO3 or Calcium oxalate.