58. A difference between a stem and a root in secondary growth is that the root often lacks ______.
(A) xylem
(B) vascular cambium
(C) pith
(D) parenchyma rays
(E) cork

54. Which is NOT CORRECT? (A) Introduced species are sometimes a problem because they usually are better competitors. (B) For carbon cycle, the CO2 would be returned to the atmosphere when the trees died and decayed. (C) Global warming is caused by increased CO2 and CH4 levels. (D) UV-B radiation is increasing due to increased CH4 concentration in the polar region. (E) CO2 level increased due to enhanced human activities.

55. Which statement about hyperpolarization of a neuron is true? When hyperpolarization occurs, (A) membrane potential is more negative than during resting potential. (B) membrane potential is closer to Na+ equilibrium potential (ENa) than it is to EK. (C) Na+ and/or Cl− channels are open. (D) if it occurs in a downstream neuron, exciting postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are more likely to be generated than are inhibitory PSPs (IPSPs). (E) generation of action potentials is likely to occur.

複選題56. Which of the statement about digestion system in animals is correct? (A) Stomach acid activates pepsinogen into pepsin. (B) Secretin modulates digestion by triggering acid release in the stomach. (C) The bile salts function in fat digestion by dispersing big droplets of fats to small droplets. (D) A fatty acid absorbed into an intestinal cell becomes part of a chylomicron. (E) Glucagon, the pancreatic hormone, functions to stimulate the liver to release glucose. .

【已刪除】57. For the reproduction of flowering plants, double fertilization: (A) is characteristic of all plants. (B) produces a triploid sporophyte and a diploid endosperm. (C) results in the fertilization of egg by sperm and polar nuclei by pollen tube nucleus. (D) results from the fusion of the male and female sporophytes of angiosperms. (E) 送分 .

複選題59. For invertebrates, which statement is NOT CORRECT?(A) Molluscs are the most diverse phylum.(B) Trematodes have very sophisticated defenses against immune system attack.(C) Tapeworms lack a mouth and a gut.(D) Echinoderms and vertebrates are more closely related than arthropods.(E) Barnacles are classified as mollusks because of their trochophore larvae.

複選題60. Which statement is true for seed plants? (A) In angiosperm life cycles, the female gametophyte is the ovule. (B) A spore grows into a seed. (C) A pollen grain contains a male gametophyte. (D) Double fertilization results in the production of a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm nucleus. (E) The life cycle of seed plants does not include a gametophyte generation. .

61. Which statement is true? (A) Plants are defined as multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic autotrophs. (B) Plants are defined by their chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll a and b. (C) Plant sporophytes grow from haploid spores. (D) Charophytes and land plants share four derived traits that suggest they share a relatively recent common ancestor. (E) Charophytes are embryophytes.

62. Endosymbiosis is the event occurring in the algal evolution. Which is NOT CORRECT? (A) Cyanobacterium is included by marine animal cells in the primary endosymbiosis. (B) Genetic exchange between cyanobacterium and animal host. (C) Red algae are the old species derived from primary endosymbiosis. (D) Secondary endosymbiosis is happening again when carbon dioxide concentration is sharply declined. (E) Land plants are appearing after secondary endosymbiosis.

63. Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary history of related groups of organisms. Organisms are grouped into taxa based on shared characteristics that result from common ancestry. Identify which statement is FALSE. (A) The term monophyletic refers to a taxon. (B) A taxon includes an ancestral species and all of its descendents. (C) Homologous structures look the same and serve the same function but differ in evolutionary origin and structure. (D) Ancestral traits were present in the shared ancestor of the species within a taxon. (E) Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.

64. Does the distribution of bases in monkey DNA and human DNA follow Chargaff’s rules? (A) Yes, it is because the %A + %T is greater than the %G + %C in both species. (B) Yes, it is because %A + %T does not equal %G + %C in both species. (C) Yes, it is because the %A approximately equals the %T and the %G approximately equals the %C in both species. (D) No, it is because %A is higher than %T and %G is higher than %C in both species. (E) Yes, it is because the %A + %T is lower than the %G + %C.