62. Stigmasterol, ergosterol, bile acids, vitamin D, cholesterol and share all the following common features EXCEPT
(A) four-ring structure.
(B) a carboxylic acid group.
(C) contain asymmetric structure.
(D) an extending carbon chain derived from the ring structure.
(E) a hydroxyl group on first ring.

58. Bioinformatics is the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of enormous volumes of biological data. What is the BLAST program in NCBI which has been described by many biologists as the single most important tool in bioinformatics? (A) It is the tool to find out ESTs (expressed sequence tags). (B) It is the tool to figure out the protein-protein interaction. (C) It is the tool to translate the coding sequence. (D) It is the tool to align the sequences. (E) It is the tool to look the protein 3D structure.

59. Which of the following enzyme(s) is/are involved in the human nucleotide excision repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers? 1. endonucleases 2. DNA ligase 3. DNA polymerase 4. photoreactivating enzyme (DNA photolyase) (A) 1. (B) 1 and 3. (C) 2 and 4. (D) 1, 2 and 3. (E) All of them. .

60. Which of the following statement regarding the transcription initiation and RNA Pol I is NOT true? (A) The regulatory sequences include a core element and an upstream element. (B) RNA Pol I is responsible for synthesizing tRNAs and 5S-rRNA. (C) An active Pol I initiation complex contains multi-protein complexes assembled in order. (D) RNA Pol I is responsible for synthesizing rRNA. (E) RNA Pol I itself is a multi-subunit complex.

61. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of microRNAs? (A) MicroRNAs are found in eukaryotes including animals and plants. (B) MicroRNAs regulate gene expression by degradation of specific mRNAs. (C) MicroRNAs regulate gene expression by translational inhibition of specific mRNAs. (D) MicroRNAs usually act as negative regulator of gene expression. (E) MicroRNAs can function when they are short double-stranded RNA.

63. Meiosis is a special type of cell division. Which of the following mechanism(s) occur during meiosis guarantees that each haploid germ cell will have a unique combination of gene alleles that is distinct from each parent as well as every other haploid germ cell generated? (A) Recombination. (B) Reassortment. (C) Duplication. (D) A and B. (E) A, B and C.

64. Which of the following statements is true of Trichomonas vaginalis? (A) It is a prokaryote. (B) It lacks true mitochondria. (C) It has mitosomes. (D) It infects the human gastrointestinal tract. (E) It has cilia.

65. The rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction: 1. can be determined by measuring the increase in product concentration with respect to time. 2. is usually dependent on temperature and pH. 3. at saturating substrate concentrations, becomes zero-order with respect to substrate. 4. is independent of the enzyme concentration. (A) 1. (B) 1 and 3. (C) 2 and 4. (D) 1, 2 and 3. (E) All of them.

66. Which one FALSELY describes a genomic library? (A) A genomic library must be performed with a restriction enzyme, a DNA ligase, and a reverse transcriptase. (B) A genomic library contains only coding sequences. (C) Plasmids can be used the cloning vector for making genomic libraries. (D) A genomic library is a “shotgun” approach-no single gene is targeted for cloning. (E) None of the above.

67. The ostrich and the emu look very similar and live in similar habitat. However, they are not very closely related. This is an example of (A) sympatric speciation. (B) divergent evolution. (C) exaptation. (D) adaptive evolution. (E) None of the above.

68. Which one of the statements about the domain of Archaea is correct? (A) They must inhabit solution are nearly 30 % salt. (B) They must not adapt to waters with temperatures above the boiling point. (C) Based on DNA analysis, they are probably more closely related to bacteria than to eukaryotes. (D) Archaean cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan. (E) None of the above.