63. Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary history of related groups of organisms. Organisms are grouped into taxa based on shared characteristics that result from common ancestry. Identify which statement is FALSE.
(A) The term monophyletic refers to a taxon.
(B) A taxon includes an ancestral species and all of its descendents.
(C) Homologous structures look the same and serve the same function but differ in evolutionary origin and structure.
(D) Ancestral traits were present in the shared ancestor of the species within a taxon.
(E) Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.

複選題59. For invertebrates, which statement is NOT CORRECT?(A) Molluscs are the most diverse phylum.(B) Trematodes have very sophisticated defenses against immune system attack.(C) Tapeworms lack a mouth and a gut.(D) Echinoderms and vertebrates are more closely related than arthropods.(E) Barnacles are classified as mollusks because of their trochophore larvae.

複選題60. Which statement is true for seed plants? (A) In angiosperm life cycles, the female gametophyte is the ovule. (B) A spore grows into a seed. (C) A pollen grain contains a male gametophyte. (D) Double fertilization results in the production of a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm nucleus. (E) The life cycle of seed plants does not include a gametophyte generation. .

61. Which statement is true? (A) Plants are defined as multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic autotrophs. (B) Plants are defined by their chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll a and b. (C) Plant sporophytes grow from haploid spores. (D) Charophytes and land plants share four derived traits that suggest they share a relatively recent common ancestor. (E) Charophytes are embryophytes.

62. Endosymbiosis is the event occurring in the algal evolution. Which is NOT CORRECT? (A) Cyanobacterium is included by marine animal cells in the primary endosymbiosis. (B) Genetic exchange between cyanobacterium and animal host. (C) Red algae are the old species derived from primary endosymbiosis. (D) Secondary endosymbiosis is happening again when carbon dioxide concentration is sharply declined. (E) Land plants are appearing after secondary endosymbiosis.

64. Does the distribution of bases in monkey DNA and human DNA follow Chargaff’s rules? (A) Yes, it is because the %A + %T is greater than the %G + %C in both species. (B) Yes, it is because %A + %T does not equal %G + %C in both species. (C) Yes, it is because the %A approximately equals the %T and the %G approximately equals the %C in both species. (D) No, it is because %A is higher than %T and %G is higher than %C in both species. (E) Yes, it is because the %A + %T is lower than the %G + %C.

65. A cross between homozygous purple-flowered and homozygous white-flowered pea plants results in offspring with purple flowers. This demonstrates ______. (A) a dihybrid cross (B) dominance (C) the blending model of genetics (D) true breeding (E) the mistakes made by Mendel

66. Which is correct for the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration in plants? (A) Plants respire only when they don’t photosynthesize. (B) Photosynthesis is the plant’s form of cellular respiration. (C) Because photosynthesis supplements the plant the energy under light condition, the respiration will reduce when the plant is transferred from dark condition to light condition. (D) Cellular respiration takes place only in plant roots, not throughout the plant. (E) Respiration is not only needed for energy generation in the plants, but also provides compounds for the synthesis of other metabolites that is necessary for the plant life.

67. The role of photosynthetic organisms in an ecosystem is ______. (A) reducing light and UV radiation (B) fixing organic compounds for decomposers (C) synthesize organic compounds from inorganic compounds (D) reducing temperature by transpiration (E) keep energy constant in an ecological system

68. Identify which one is FALSE. (A) Nitrogen-fixing microbes provide energy for carbon fixation. (B) Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes can assimilate nitrogen into organic compounds. (C) Nitrogen may be a limiting plant nutrient, although the atmosphere is 80% nitrogen gas (N2). (D) Bacteria obtain energy from nitrification. (E) Denitrifying bacteria obtain oxygen gas (O2) from nitrogenous compounds. 

複選題69. What is true? (A) Taste buds consist of sensory cells that act as mechanoreceptors. (B) A taste bud consists of at least one sensory receptor cell from each of the major types of taste receptors. (C) The infrared receptors of pit vipers belong to the same general class of sensory receptors as the mechanoreceptors associated with cat whiskers. (D) Tectorial cells are common to the senses of hearing and equilibrium in humans. (E) In vertebrate eyes, the conversion of light energy to chemical energy occurs most directly as the result of changes to cyclic GMP (cGMP). .