68. Identify which one is FALSE.
(A) Nitrogen-fixing microbes provide energy for carbon fixation.
(B) Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes can assimilate nitrogen into organic compounds.
(C) Nitrogen may be a limiting plant nutrient, although the atmosphere is 80% nitrogen gas (N2).
(D) Bacteria obtain energy from nitrification.
(E) Denitrifying bacteria obtain oxygen gas (O2) from nitrogenous compounds. 

64. Does the distribution of bases in monkey DNA and human DNA follow Chargaff’s rules? (A) Yes, it is because the %A + %T is greater than the %G + %C in both species. (B) Yes, it is because %A + %T does not equal %G + %C in both species. (C) Yes, it is because the %A approximately equals the %T and the %G approximately equals the %C in both species. (D) No, it is because %A is higher than %T and %G is higher than %C in both species. (E) Yes, it is because the %A + %T is lower than the %G + %C.

65. A cross between homozygous purple-flowered and homozygous white-flowered pea plants results in offspring with purple flowers. This demonstrates ______. (A) a dihybrid cross (B) dominance (C) the blending model of genetics (D) true breeding (E) the mistakes made by Mendel

66. Which is correct for the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration in plants? (A) Plants respire only when they don’t photosynthesize. (B) Photosynthesis is the plant’s form of cellular respiration. (C) Because photosynthesis supplements the plant the energy under light condition, the respiration will reduce when the plant is transferred from dark condition to light condition. (D) Cellular respiration takes place only in plant roots, not throughout the plant. (E) Respiration is not only needed for energy generation in the plants, but also provides compounds for the synthesis of other metabolites that is necessary for the plant life.

67. The role of photosynthetic organisms in an ecosystem is ______. (A) reducing light and UV radiation (B) fixing organic compounds for decomposers (C) synthesize organic compounds from inorganic compounds (D) reducing temperature by transpiration (E) keep energy constant in an ecological system

複選題69. What is true? (A) Taste buds consist of sensory cells that act as mechanoreceptors. (B) A taste bud consists of at least one sensory receptor cell from each of the major types of taste receptors. (C) The infrared receptors of pit vipers belong to the same general class of sensory receptors as the mechanoreceptors associated with cat whiskers. (D) Tectorial cells are common to the senses of hearing and equilibrium in humans. (E) In vertebrate eyes, the conversion of light energy to chemical energy occurs most directly as the result of changes to cyclic GMP (cGMP). .

70. As discussed in the text, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has an allele that confers resistance to DDT and similar insecticides. Laboratory strains of D. melanogaster have been established from flies collected in the wild in the 1930s (before the widespread use of insecticides) and the 1960s (after 20 years of DDT use). Lab strains established in the 1930s have no alleles for DDT resistance. In lab strains established in the 1960s, the frequency of the DDT-resistance allele is 37%. Which statement below is true? (A) Some fruit flies evolved resistance to DDT in order to survive. (B) The heritable trait of DDT resistance cannot change even DDT use became widespread. (C) Fruit flies became more resistant to DDT over time. (D) When DDT was widely used, fruit flies with DDT resistance had greater evolutionary fitness than fruit flies lacking DDT resistance. (E) Alleles for DDT resistance arose by mutation during the period of DDT use because of selection for pesticide resistance.

71. Which statement about evolution is correct? (A) On November 24, 1899, Darwin published his hypothesis in On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, ushering in the era of evolutionary biology. (B) Adaptation refers to an individual changing over its lifetime in response to the environment. (C) Two species that are thought to have a recent common ancestor share several homologous structures. (D) Over evolutionary time, the descendents of that ancestor have accumulated diverse modifications, or adaptations, that allow them to survive and reproduce in specific habitats. Many ancestors are co-existing in the world to make biodiversity. (E) Natural selection acts on the variant individuals that make up a community. .

【已刪除】72. Mendel took an experimental and quantitative approach. Which of the following statement is NOT CORRECT? (A) Mendel grew up on a small farm in what is today the Czech Republic, and in 1843, he entered an Augustinian monastery. (B) Mendel studied at the University of Vienna from 1851 to 1853, where he was influenced by a physicist who encouraged experimentation and the application of mathematics to science and by a botanist who stimulated Mendel’s interest in the causes of variation in plants. (C) Around 1857, Mendel began breeding garden peas to study inheritance. (D) Pea plants have several advantages for genetic study. Pea plants are available in many varieties that have distinct heritable features, or characters, with different variant traits. (E) 送分 .

73. Photosynthetic pigments in the thylakoid are light receptors. Which is NOT CORRECT? (A) Chlorophyll a, which participates directly in the light reactions and absorbs best in the red and violet-blue wavelengths and absorbs least in the green, participates directly in the light reactions, but accessory photosynthetic pigments absorb light and transfer energy to chlorophyll a. (B) Accessory pigments include chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and anthocyanin. (C) An overall action spectrum for photosynthesis profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving the process. The action spectrum of photosynthesis was first demonstrated in 1883 in a clever experiment performed by Thomas Engelmann. (D) The action spectrum of photosynthesis does not match exactly the absorption spectrum of any one photosynthetic pigment, including chlorophyll a. (E) Each light-harvesting complex consists of pigment molecules (which may include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) bound to proteins, in which the light-harvesting complexes act as an antenna for the reaction-center complex.

74. Which of these statements best describes neurodegenerative diseases? (A) In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), brain tissues often shrink and have a loss of cholinergic and other neurons in the cerebral cortex but not hippocampus. (B) AD is characterized by memory loss, amyloid beta oligomers, and large amount of dephosphorylated tau protein. (C) Parkinson’s disease (PD) results from the death of neurons in the diencephalon. (D) Dopamine can be used as a drug for PD. (E) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonist can be used to treat AD.