7. Which statement about human reproduction is correct?
(A) Fertilization occurs in the uterus.
(B) In humans, spermatogenesis and oogenesis function best at normal, core body temperatures.
(C) A human oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it.
(D) The earliest stages of spermatogenesis are found closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubule.
(E) Sertoli cells produce testosterone under FSH stimulation.

3. Which of the following characteristics adds most to vertebrate success in terrestrial environments? (A) the amniotic egg (B) the ability to maintain a constant body temperature (C) two pairs of appendages (D) claws (E) a four-chambered heart

4. Which of the following statements is not true for the prophase I of meiosis? (A) Homologous chromosomes are pairing. (B) Each homologous chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. (C) Each chromosome consists of single strand of DNA. (D) The pairing homologs are joined by the synaptonemal complex. (E) Chiasmata occur between non-sister chromatids.

5. Which cells in a plant root form a protective barrier to the vascular system where all materials must move through the symplast? (A) Cortex (B) Pericycle (C) Epidermis (D) Endodermis (E) Exodermis

6. What are the wavelengths of light that chlorophyll absorbs most strongly? (A) Blue and red (B) Blue and green (C) Green and yellow (D) UV and infrared (E) UV and blue

8. Which of the following hormones is the most useful for promoting the growth of the root after plant cuttings? (A) Abscisic acid (B) Auxins (C) Cytokinins (D) Gibberellins (E) Oligosaccharins

9. Given the parents TTEECc × TteeCc, assume simple dominance for each trait and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent (TTEECc)? (A) 1/4 (B) 1/8 (C) 3/4 (D) 3/8 (E) 1

10. A genetic change that caused a certain Hox gene to be expressed along the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of further back made possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb. This type of change is an illustration of ________. (A) heterochrony, a change in the timing of developmental events (B) allopolyploidy, an increase in chromosome number (C) paedomorphosis, or retention of ancestral juvenile structures in an adult organism (D) a change in a homeotic developmental gene that altered the spatial organization of body parts (E) allopatric speciation

複選題11. The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin ________. (A) occurs when fibrinogen is released from broken platelets (B) occurs within red blood cells (C) is linked with hypertension and may damage artery walls (D) is likely to occur too often in an individual with hemophilia (E) is the final step of a clotting process that involves multiple clotting factors .

12. Which of the following type of leukocyte would play a role as “antigen presenting cells” and trigger the MHC class II mediated immune response? (A) Basophils (B) Eosinophils (C) T lymphocytes (D) Macrophages (E) Neutrophils

13. The components of the endomembrane system of cells don’t include ________. (A) nuclear envelope (B) endoplasmic reticulum (C) vacuoles (D) plasma membrane (E) mitochondrion