71. Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence that occurs during the excitation and contraction of a muscle cell? 1. Calcium is released and binds to the troponin complex. 2. Tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the cross-bridge binding sites. 3. Transverse tubules depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4. The thin filaments are ratcheted across the thick filaments by the heads of the myosin molecules using energy from ATP. 5. An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine, which depolarizes the muscle cell membrane.
(A) 2, 1, 3, 5, 4
(B) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5
(C) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1
(D) 5, 3, 1, 2, 4
(E) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4

67. Mitochondrial DNA is primarily involved in coding for proteins needed for electron transport. Therefore in which body systems would you expect most mitochondrial gene mutations to be exhibited? (A) Circulation. (B) The skin and senses. (C) Nervous and muscular systems. (D) Excretory and respiratory systems. (E) The immune system and the blood.

68. Blood carbon dioxide levels determine the pH of other body fluids as well as blood, including the pH of cerebrospinal fluid. How does this enable the organism to control breathing? (A) The brain alters the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid to force the animal to retain more or less carbon dioxide. (B) The medulla is able to control the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood. (C) The brain directly measures and monitors carbon dioxide and causes breathing changes accordingly. (D) Stretch receptors in the lungs cause the medulla to speed up or slow breathing. (E) The medulla, which is in contact with cerebrospinal fluid, monitors pH and uses this measure to control breathing

69. How do ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis? (A) ADH monitors appropriate osmolarity by reabsorption of water, and RAAS maintains osmolarity by stimulating K+ reabsorption. (B) ADH monitors appropriate osmolarity by reabsorption of water, and RAAS maintains osmolarity by stimulating Cl－ reabsorption. (C) Only when they are together in the receptor sites of proximal tubule cells, will reabsorption of essential nutrients back into the blood take place. (D) ADH monitors appropriate osmolarity by reabsorption of water, and RAAS maintains osmolarity by stimulating Na+ reabsorption. (E) ADH and RAAS work antagonistically; ADH stimulates water reabsorption during dehydration and RAAS removes water when it is in excess in body fluids.

70. From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds as follows: (A) first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction. (B) first cell division → cortical reaction → acrosomal reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins. (C) acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → first cell division. (D) cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → first cell division. (E) cortical reaction → acrosomal reaction → first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins.

72. If a Drosophila female has a homozygous mutation for a maternal effect gene, (A) only her male offspring will show the mutant phenotype. (B) her offspring will show the mutant phenotype only if they are also homozygous for the mutation. (C) all of her offspring will show the mutant phenotype, regardless of their genotype. (D) only her female offspring will show the mutant phenotype. (E) she will not develop past the early embryonic stage.

73. Which of the following poses the greatest potential threat to biodiversity? (A) replanting after a clear cut, a monoculture of Douglas fir trees on land that consisted of old growth Douglas fir, western cedar, and western hemlock. (B) trapping and relocating large predators, such as mountain lions, that pose a threat as they move into areas of relatively dense human populations. (C) importing an Asian insect into the United States to control a weed that competes with staple crops. (D) allowing previously used farmland go fallow and begin to fill in with weeds and then shrubs and saplings. (E) releasing sterilized rainbow trout to boost the sport fishing of a river system that contains native brook trout.

74. "Primary" succession is succession that (A) involves establishment of primary producers. (B) leads to establishment of a climax community dominated by primary producers. (C) occurs on newly exposed geologic substrates, not organic soil. (D) occurs where organic soils have been exposed but not destroyed by disturbance. (E) occurs after fire or agricultural abandonment.

75. The data were obtained from a study of the length of time spent in each phase of the cell cycle by cells of three eukaryotic organisms designated beta, delta, and gamma. Of the following, the best conclusion concerning the difference between the S phases for beta and gamma is that (A) gamma contains 48 times more DNA than beta. (B) beta and gamma contain the same amount of DNA. (C) beta contains more RNA than gamma. (D) beta is a plant cell and gamma is an animal cell. (E) gamma contains more DNA than beta

1. 關於2009年爆發之全世界H1N1新型流感大流行，以下敘述何者正確？ (A)因為疫情不斷升溫，台灣於2009年7月後，將H1N1新型流感升級為第一類傳染病，必須於24小時內通報。 (B)H1N1新型流感所造成之死亡率非常高，約接近15-20%。 (C)於發病48小時內使用抗病毒藥物，效果較好。 (D)可用來治療的有效藥物為amatadine及oseltamivir。 (E)快速篩檢A型流感抗原，敏感性超過九成，偽陰性很罕見。

2. 衛生署曾於96年7月發函，兒科診療的年齡為？ (A)12歲以下。 (B)15歲以下。 (C)18歲以下。 (D)20歲以下。 (E)25歲以下。