72. The tails of UCSD campus male dark-eyed juncos were, on average, 36% white, whereas the tails of male juncos from the original colonizing population averaged 40-45% white. If this observed trait difference were due to a difference in the original colonizing population, it would most likely be due to ______.
(A) a genetic bottleneck
(B) a founder effect
(C) gene flow between populations
(D) mutations in the UCSD population
(E) stabilizing selection

68. The most immediate potential benefits of introducing genetically modified crops include ______. I. creating crops that can grow on land previously unsuitable for agriculture II. creating crops with better potential for biofuel production III. creating crops with better nutritional attributes IV. increasing crop yield V. decreasing the mutation rate of certain genes (A) III, IV, and V (B) II, III, and IV (C) I, II, and III (D) I, II, III, and IV (E) I, II, III, IV, and V

69. Radish flowers may be red, purple, or white. A cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant yields all-purple offspring. The part of the radish we eat may be oval or long, with long being the dominant trait. If true-breeding red long radishes are crossed with true-breeding white oval radishes, the F1 will be expected to be which of the following? (A) purple and long (B) purple and oval (C) red and long (D) white and long (E) red and oval

70. What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium? I. Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule. II. Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes (endonucleases). III. Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells. IV. Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA fragments. V. Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA. (A) III, II, IV, V, I (B) IV, V, I, II, III (C) II, III, V, IV, I (D) III, IV, V, I, II (E) III, I, IV, V, II

71. The following table compares the % sequence homology of four different parts (two introns and two exons) of a gene that is found in five different eukaryotic species. The data reported for species A were obtained by comparing DNA from one member of species A to another member of species A. Which of these four gene parts should allow the construction of the most accurate phylogenetic tree, assuming that this is the only part of the gene that has acted as a reliable molecular clock? (A) Exon I (B) Exon V (C) Intron I (D) Intron VI (E) Both Exon I and V

73. The phenomenon of fusion is likely to occur when, after a period of geographic isolation, two populations meet again and ______. (A) an increasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of the next one hundred generations (B) an increasing number of infertile hybrids is produced over the course of the next one hundred generations (C) no reproduction occurs in the hybrid zone (D) a decreasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of the next one hundred generations (E) fewer and fewer hybridization occurs

74. If two species are close competitors, and one species is experimentally removed from the community, the remaining species would be expected to ______. (A) become the target of specialized parasites (B) expand its realized niche (C) change its fundamental niche (D) decline in abundance (E) unchange

75. Which of the following statements about bacterial gene regulation is FALSE? (A) Tryptophan binds to activate repressor of trp operon. (B) Allolactose is an inducer of lac operon. (C) The product of lac I is the repressor of lac operon. (D) Inactive repressor turns the repressible operon off. (E) Catabolite activator protein (CAP) is activated by cAMP in lac operon.

76. Some molecular data place the giant panda in the bear family (Ursidae) but place the lesser panda in the raccoon family (Procyonidae). The morphological similarities of these two species must therefore be due to ______. (A) inheritance of acquired characteristics (B) sexual selection (C) inheritance of shared derived characters (D) convergent evolution (E) punctuated equilibrium

複選題77. Which of the following statements about the scientists and their contributions to the discovery of DNA as a genetic material as well as DNA's structure and function is NOT CORRECT? (A) Frederick Griffith's study on two strains of Streptococus pneumonia led to the discovery that DNA is a genetic material. (B) Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase's studies of the virus that infects bacteria provided experimental evidence that DNA, but not protein, is the genetic material of virus. (C) Erwin Chargaff reported that the base composition of DNA varies between species, providing additional evidence that DNA is a genetic material. (D) Rosalind Franklin produced the first X-ray diffraction image of DNA. (E) James Watson and Francis Crick built the first double-helix model of DNA.(本題送分)

78. Which description about “innate immunity” is NOT CORRECT? (A) Innate immunity is found in all animals. (B) The great success of insects in habitats teeming with diverse microbes highlights the effectiveness of invertebrate innate immunity. (C) Innate immune responses are distinct for different classes of pathogens. (D) Recognition and response in innate immunity of mammalian occur with tremendous specificity. (E) Each mammalian Toll-like receptor binds to fragments of molecules characteristic of a set of pathogens.