74. Which of these statements best describes neurodegenerative diseases?
(A) In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), brain tissues often shrink and have a loss of cholinergic and other neurons in the cerebral cortex but not hippocampus.
(B) AD is characterized by memory loss, amyloid beta oligomers, and large amount of dephosphorylated tau protein.
(C) Parkinson’s disease (PD) results from the death of neurons in the diencephalon.
(D) Dopamine can be used as a drug for PD.
(E) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonist can be used to treat AD. 

70. As discussed in the text, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has an allele that confers resistance to DDT and similar insecticides. Laboratory strains of D. melanogaster have been established from flies collected in the wild in the 1930s (before the widespread use of insecticides) and the 1960s (after 20 years of DDT use). Lab strains established in the 1930s have no alleles for DDT resistance. In lab strains established in the 1960s, the frequency of the DDT-resistance allele is 37%. Which statement below is true? (A) Some fruit flies evolved resistance to DDT in order to survive. (B) The heritable trait of DDT resistance cannot change even DDT use became widespread. (C) Fruit flies became more resistant to DDT over time. (D) When DDT was widely used, fruit flies with DDT resistance had greater evolutionary fitness than fruit flies lacking DDT resistance. (E) Alleles for DDT resistance arose by mutation during the period of DDT use because of selection for pesticide resistance.

71. Which statement about evolution is correct? (A) On November 24, 1899, Darwin published his hypothesis in On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, ushering in the era of evolutionary biology. (B) Adaptation refers to an individual changing over its lifetime in response to the environment. (C) Two species that are thought to have a recent common ancestor share several homologous structures. (D) Over evolutionary time, the descendents of that ancestor have accumulated diverse modifications, or adaptations, that allow them to survive and reproduce in specific habitats. Many ancestors are co-existing in the world to make biodiversity. (E) Natural selection acts on the variant individuals that make up a community. .

【已刪除】72. Mendel took an experimental and quantitative approach. Which of the following statement is NOT CORRECT? (A) Mendel grew up on a small farm in what is today the Czech Republic, and in 1843, he entered an Augustinian monastery. (B) Mendel studied at the University of Vienna from 1851 to 1853, where he was influenced by a physicist who encouraged experimentation and the application of mathematics to science and by a botanist who stimulated Mendel’s interest in the causes of variation in plants. (C) Around 1857, Mendel began breeding garden peas to study inheritance. (D) Pea plants have several advantages for genetic study. Pea plants are available in many varieties that have distinct heritable features, or characters, with different variant traits. (E) 送分 .

73. Photosynthetic pigments in the thylakoid are light receptors. Which is NOT CORRECT? (A) Chlorophyll a, which participates directly in the light reactions and absorbs best in the red and violet-blue wavelengths and absorbs least in the green, participates directly in the light reactions, but accessory photosynthetic pigments absorb light and transfer energy to chlorophyll a. (B) Accessory pigments include chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and anthocyanin. (C) An overall action spectrum for photosynthesis profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving the process. The action spectrum of photosynthesis was first demonstrated in 1883 in a clever experiment performed by Thomas Engelmann. (D) The action spectrum of photosynthesis does not match exactly the absorption spectrum of any one photosynthetic pigment, including chlorophyll a. (E) Each light-harvesting complex consists of pigment molecules (which may include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) bound to proteins, in which the light-harvesting complexes act as an antenna for the reaction-center complex.

75. Which of the following animals is classified correctly? (A) The Taiwanese frog Hoplobatrachus rugulosus and the Taiwanese salamander Hynobius formosanus belong to the same order in Class Amphibia. (B) The formosan sika deer Cervus nippon taiouanus and the Taiwanese wild boar Sus scrofa belong to the same order in Class Mammalia. (C) The mosquito Aedes aegypti and asian giant hornet belong to the same order in Class Insecta. (D) The giant panda and Taiwan leopard cat belong to the same family in Order Carnivora. (E) The formosan landlocked salmon Oncorhynchus masou formosanus and rainbow trout belong to the different family in Order Salmoniformes.

76. What is the concentration of plasma glucose at 30 minutes according the following oral glucose tolerance experiment?(Glucose standard: 100 mg/dL with an absorbance of 0.48 in a 50 µl volume of cuvette) (A) 0.75 mg/ml (B) 1 mg/ml (C) 1.2 mg/ml (D) 1.5 mg/ml (E) 1.25 mg/ml

77. Which of the following differences between r-selection and K-selection is true? I. The K-selected populations live longer than the r-selected species. II. The K-selected species has higher reproduction rate than the r-selected species. III. The K-selected species has later reproductive age than the r-selected species. IV. In humans, males take a K-selected strategy to produce many sperms. V. The K-selected species has a stronger competitive ability than the r-selected species. VI. The K-selected species develop more rapidly than the r-selected species. (A) I, II, III, IV, and V (B) II and IV (C) III and IV (D) II, IV, VI (E) I, III, V

78. Which of these statements about inhibitors is true? (A) DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) can be used to stain both live and fixed cells for fluorescent microscopy because it binds strongly to A-T rich regions in DNA. (B) Actinomycin D is used for the study of protein stability because it inhibits translational elongation. (C) Cycloheximide is used for the study of protein stability because it inhibits transcriptional elongation. (D) Ethidium bromide is used to see protein gel bands because it is an intercalating agent for protein. (E) Colchicine is used to see chromosomes in mitotic prophase because it inhibits microtubule polymerization.

79. Acclimatization to a high altitude involves: I. normal arterial PO2 II. hyperventilation III. decreased affinity of hemoglobin IV. increased hemoglobin and red blood cell production (A) I, II, III, and IV (B) II, III, and IV (C) II and III (D) II and IV (E) III and IV

80. Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is true? I. Sugarcane opens stomata on days, while pineapple opens stomata at nights. II. On hot and dry days, sugarcane is more efficient to fix CO2 than rice. III. Rubisco is an enzyme involved in the first major step of carbon fixation in rice; its substrate molecules are ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and CO2 and its product is a three-carbon compound. IV. Sugarcane and pineapple can use phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase to capture more CO2 into a four-carbon compound in mesophyll cells. (A) I and II (B) II and III (C) III and IV (D) I, II, and III (E) I, II, III, and IV