77. Which of the following differences between r-selection and K-selection is true? I. The K-selected populations live longer than the r-selected species. II. The K-selected species has higher reproduction rate than the r-selected species. III. The K-selected species has later reproductive age than the r-selected species. IV. In humans, males take a K-selected strategy to produce many sperms. V. The K-selected species has a stronger competitive ability than the r-selected species. VI. The K-selected species develop more rapidly than the r-selected species.
(A) I, II, III, IV, and V
(B) II and IV
(C) III and IV
(D) II, IV, VI
(E) I, III, V

73. Photosynthetic pigments in the thylakoid are light receptors. Which is NOT CORRECT? (A) Chlorophyll a, which participates directly in the light reactions and absorbs best in the red and violet-blue wavelengths and absorbs least in the green, participates directly in the light reactions, but accessory photosynthetic pigments absorb light and transfer energy to chlorophyll a. (B) Accessory pigments include chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and anthocyanin. (C) An overall action spectrum for photosynthesis profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving the process. The action spectrum of photosynthesis was first demonstrated in 1883 in a clever experiment performed by Thomas Engelmann. (D) The action spectrum of photosynthesis does not match exactly the absorption spectrum of any one photosynthetic pigment, including chlorophyll a. (E) Each light-harvesting complex consists of pigment molecules (which may include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) bound to proteins, in which the light-harvesting complexes act as an antenna for the reaction-center complex.

74. Which of these statements best describes neurodegenerative diseases? (A) In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), brain tissues often shrink and have a loss of cholinergic and other neurons in the cerebral cortex but not hippocampus. (B) AD is characterized by memory loss, amyloid beta oligomers, and large amount of dephosphorylated tau protein. (C) Parkinson’s disease (PD) results from the death of neurons in the diencephalon. (D) Dopamine can be used as a drug for PD. (E) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonist can be used to treat AD. 

75. Which of the following animals is classified correctly? (A) The Taiwanese frog Hoplobatrachus rugulosus and the Taiwanese salamander Hynobius formosanus belong to the same order in Class Amphibia. (B) The formosan sika deer Cervus nippon taiouanus and the Taiwanese wild boar Sus scrofa belong to the same order in Class Mammalia. (C) The mosquito Aedes aegypti and asian giant hornet belong to the same order in Class Insecta. (D) The giant panda and Taiwan leopard cat belong to the same family in Order Carnivora. (E) The formosan landlocked salmon Oncorhynchus masou formosanus and rainbow trout belong to the different family in Order Salmoniformes.

76. What is the concentration of plasma glucose at 30 minutes according the following oral glucose tolerance experiment?(Glucose standard: 100 mg/dL with an absorbance of 0.48 in a 50 µl volume of cuvette) (A) 0.75 mg/ml (B) 1 mg/ml (C) 1.2 mg/ml (D) 1.5 mg/ml (E) 1.25 mg/ml

78. Which of these statements about inhibitors is true? (A) DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) can be used to stain both live and fixed cells for fluorescent microscopy because it binds strongly to A-T rich regions in DNA. (B) Actinomycin D is used for the study of protein stability because it inhibits translational elongation. (C) Cycloheximide is used for the study of protein stability because it inhibits transcriptional elongation. (D) Ethidium bromide is used to see protein gel bands because it is an intercalating agent for protein. (E) Colchicine is used to see chromosomes in mitotic prophase because it inhibits microtubule polymerization.

79. Acclimatization to a high altitude involves: I. normal arterial PO2 II. hyperventilation III. decreased affinity of hemoglobin IV. increased hemoglobin and red blood cell production (A) I, II, III, and IV (B) II, III, and IV (C) II and III (D) II and IV (E) III and IV

80. Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is true? I. Sugarcane opens stomata on days, while pineapple opens stomata at nights. II. On hot and dry days, sugarcane is more efficient to fix CO2 than rice. III. Rubisco is an enzyme involved in the first major step of carbon fixation in rice; its substrate molecules are ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and CO2 and its product is a three-carbon compound. IV. Sugarcane and pineapple can use phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase to capture more CO2 into a four-carbon compound in mesophyll cells. (A) I and II (B) II and III (C) III and IV (D) I, II, and III (E) I, II, III, and IV

1 依司法院大法官解釋，有關獨立行政機關之地位及組織，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)獨立行政機關對一般性政策及個案之決定，均不受行政院指揮監督 (B)行政院總辭時，獨立行政機關委員仍應同時辭職 (C)立法院得以立法規定獨立行政機關委員由總統與立法院各任命半數，以確保其獨立性 (D)行政院仍得依公務員懲戒法規定，對於獨立行政機關委員予以停職

2 依司法院大法官解釋意旨，關於司法審判獨立原則之敘述，下列何者錯誤？ (A)法官之身分或職位不因審判之結果而受影響 (B)審判獨立乃自由民主憲政秩序權力分立與制衡之重要原則 (C)司法行政監督權之行使，應以提升審判效率及維持裁判正確為主要目標 (D)最高司法機關依司法自主性發布之規則，得規定審理程序之細節性事項

3 下列何者非屬憲法增修條文所明定之事項？ (A)促進兩性地位之實質平等 (B)扶助並保護中小型經濟事業之生存與發展 (C)促進現代和傳統醫藥之研究發展 (D)推動公營事業民營化