9. What is the source of electrons for carbon fixation in plants?
(A) O₂
(B) CO₂
(C) H₂O
(D)H⁺
(E) glucose

5. Which of the following is the correct path in the endomembrane system followed by a protein, beginning with its site of synthesis in the rough ER. (A) rough ER； smooth ER； Golgi apparatus； plasma membrane (B) rough ER； vesicles； lysosomes； plasma membrane (C) rough ER； smooth ER； lysosomes； plasma membrane (D) rough ER； Golgi apparatus； smooth ER； plasma membrane E) rough ER； Golgi apparatus； vesicles； plasma membrane

6. The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, a toxic substance, occurs in small, specialized membrane- bound organelles called_________. (A) lysosomes (B) peroxisomes (C) giycosomes (D) phagosomes (E) glyoxysomes

7. Which of the following statements is true? (A) The surface area/volume ratio increases when the total surface area of a cell increases. (B) Aquaporins would be considered as peripheral proteins of the plasma membrane. (C) The selective permeability of a cell membrane is due to glycolipids on the surface of the membrane. (D) Fishes that live in extreme cold have membranes with a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. (E) Membrane cholesterol function in animal cell membranes to store cellular energy.

8. HER2 is a receptor that is present at excessively high levels in some breast cancer cells. Herceptin is a protein that binds to HER2 and inhibits cell division. Herceptin may be an effective arug for breast cancer treatment under which of the following conditions? (A) The patient lacks functional HER2 proteins. (B) The patient has excessive levels of receptor for other growth factor (not HER2) in cancer cells. (C) The patient's cancer cells have excessive levels of HER2. (D) Injection of HER2 into the patient's cancer cells inhibits ceil division. (E) Injection of HER2 into the patient's cancer cell nuclei inhibits cell division.

10. Where does photosynthesis take place in cyanobacteria? (A) plasma membrane (B) Golgi bodies (C) cytosol (D) chloroplasts (E) nucleoid region

11. In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, an excited electron from photosystem II is passed along an electron transport chain to________. (A) NAD+ (B) NADH (C) oxygen(D) photosystem I (E) water

12. Water that moves through living cells in a root is following the________. (A) apoplastic pathway only (B) transmembrane pathway only (C) symplastic pathway only (D) transmembrane and symplastic pathways (E) apoplastic, transmembrane, and symplastic pathways

13. Mycorrhizae, present for most plant species, generally do not help roots with the uptake of________. (A) nitrogen (B) carbon (C) phosphate(D) water(E) sugar

14. Consider a living plant cell in a living leaf that has a higher water potential than the fluids surrounding the cell. In such a situation there should be________. (A) a net flow of water out of the cell (B) a net flow of water into the cell (C) no net flow of water into or out of the cell (D) gain of water by the cell only if the cell's pressure potential is high enough (E) gain of water by the cell only if the ceil's pressure potential is low enough

15. The male gametophyte in flowering plants forms in a________. (A) corolla (B) receptacle (C) stamen (D) calyx (E) carpel