(2) William Thomson 1st Baron Kelvin (June 26, 1824 - December 17, 1907)

(1) James Prescott Joule (December 24, 1818 - October 11, 1889)

(3) Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff (August 30, 1852 - March 1, 1911)

(4) Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 23, 1875 - March 23, 1946)

(5) Henry Eyring (February 20, 1901 - December 26, 1981)

2. A sample of 1.0 mol CH3OH(s is condensed isothermally and reversibly to liquid at 64℃. The standard enthalpy of vaporization of methanol at 64℃ is 35.3 kJ/mol. Find q, w,△U, △S , and △G for this process. (20%)

3. You have collected a tissue specimen that you would like to preserve by freeze drying. To ensure the integrity of the specimen, the temperature should not exceed -5.0 C. The vapor pressure of ice at 273.16 K is 624 Pa. What is the maximum pressure at which the freeze drying can be carried out? The molar enthalpy changes of fusion of ice and vaporization of water are 6.01 and 40.66 kJ/mol, respectively. (20%)

4. The organic molecule benzene, C6H6, has a cyclic structure where the carbon atoms make a hexagon. The st electrons in the cyclic molecule can be approximated as having two-dimensional rotational motion. Calculate the diameter of this electron ring if it is assumed that a transition occurring at 260.0 nm corresponds to an electron going from m = 3 to m = 4. X-ray diffraction studies show that benzene is a completely flat and symmetrical molecule with all carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds in benzene have lengths of 0.139 nm and 0.110 nm, respectively. Compare your result with the experimental data by X-ray and electron diffraction.(20%)

5. The H2 + Br2 reaction mechanism involves free radical carriers, molecules, or atoms with one or more unpaired electrons. Given the following possible elementary processes:Show that the overall reaction rate isand in the process evaluate A and B in terms of k1, k1, k2, ......(20%)

(2) Find the activity coefficient of each component Please take the pure substance as the standard state for each component. 

(1) Find the activity of each component 

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