申論題

3. (10%) Group-Vatoms (e.g. P, As, or Sb) have been doped in Si with an activation energy E_D = 100 meV below the conduction band energy level E_c.The Fermi level (E_F) is measured at an energy of 0.15 eV below E_c at room temperature. Assuming , degeneracy of the ionized impurity is two, please calculate

(a) (6%) concentration of ionized donors