二、中譯英：（15 分）

      左右經營決策的準則無法簡化成一個簡單的公式。傳統上，經濟學家都主張企業的目標是追求最大利潤。可是，這個簡單的主張本身有幾 點疑慮。首先，就運作面而言，「利潤」這個概念本身是不清楚的，今天的獲利有可能是以刪減維護費用、拖延投資、剝削員工換來的，也就是以往後數年的獲利為代價。其次，如果管理高層主張獲利至上，可能會在企業價值方面對員工傳遞出負面訊息。

一、英譯中：（15 分）       The first element which differentiates human from animal existence is a negative one: the relative absence in man of instinctive regulation in the process of adaptation to the surrounding world. The mode of adaptation of the animal to its world remains the same throughout. If its instinctive equipment is no longer fit to cope successfully with a changing environment, the species will become extinct. The animal can adapt itself to changing conditions by changing itself. In this fashion, it lives harmoniously, not in the sense of absence of struggle but in the sense that its inherited equipment makes it a fixed and unchanging part of its world; it either fits in or dies out.

三、英文寫作： （45 分）總字數限制：350 字以內。       Write an essay of no more than 350 words to comment on the topic below. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Support your position and discourse with reasoning and/or examples from readings, studies, experience, or observations.       In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport.

三、英文寫作：請根據下面的說明寫一篇至少 300 字的英文作文。Write an essay in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons or examples that could be used to challenge your position. Claim: Authoritarian leadership is more effective than democratic leadership in times of crisis.

二、中譯英：請將下面這段中文譯成正確、流暢的英文。為響應「國家團結月」 ，政府當局舉辦「守護之盾－防空避難體驗特展」 ， 展現推動全民防衛韌性的決心，呼籲民眾落實「三個一起」 ：一起建立防 衛韌性、一起落實避難準備、一起下載防災避難 APP，強調全民參與、 加強防災意識，是面對危機最堅實的力量。在國際局勢動盪、自然災害 與軍事威脅並存的情況下，臺灣身處民主與極權對峙的第一線，必須做 好萬全準備。政府已規劃新臺幣 4100 億元的特別預算，以及 1500 億元 的國土安全韌性經費，並同步推動全臺防災演練。

一、英譯中：請將下面這段英文譯成正確、流暢的中文。On June 23, the US House of Representatives unanimously passed the Taiwan Non-Discrimination Act to support Taiwan’s return to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), underscoring Taiwan’s vital role in the global economy. The bill calls for Taiwan’s participation in the IMF’s regular surveillance activities, the inclusion of Taiwanese nationals in IMF employment opportunities, and Taiwan’s access to IMF technical assistance and training. “Taiwan doesn’t just deserve a seat at the table at the IMF. The free world needs Taiwan at the IMF,” said Congresswoman Kim in a press release. “We cannot be complicit as international organizations cede leverage to Beijing and silence Taiwan’s voice,” she added. Congressman Green called support for Taiwan’s participation in the IMF a “commonsense, bipartisan measure” that “furthers the long-term interests of both Taiwan and the United States” “Taiwan’s expertise developing one of the largest and most complex economies in the world would bring a valuable perspective to multilateral economic organizations,” he said.

三、英文寫作： （45 分）總字數限制：350 字以內。       Write an essay of no more than 350 words to comment on the topic below. Discuss possible positive and negative views and give your own opinion. Support your position and discourse with reasoning and/or examples from readings, studies, experience, or observations.       Keeping up with the current geopolitical policy issues is crucial in today’s foreign affairs. What impact do you think the development of AI technology can have on geopolitical policies?

二、中譯英：（15 分）     貧窮是我們這個時代的一個迫切問題，須要立即關注。COVID-19 大流行導致極端貧困人數激增，這是這一世代人從來沒見過的情況。諸如兒 童疫苗接種和國與國之間收入平等的關鍵進展並不如預期，這在過去三十年中是很少見的。貧窮不僅僅是缺乏可持續生計的收入和資源。它也表現為飢餓、營養不良、獲得教育和其他基本服務的機會有限、社會歧視和排斥、以及缺乏對決策的參與。如果目前的趨勢持續下去，到 2030 年，仍有高達 5.75 億人生活在極端貧困中，其中 8,400 萬兒童將無法上學。

一、英譯中：（15 分）       The world is currently going through significant changes as trade wars evolve into technology and capital wars, possibly leading to a new form of economic cold war. The lack of global coordination is causing more divisions, putting the world order at risk. We need to move beyond individual relationships and create global solutions for global challenges. What will happen if there is another global financial crisis? What if there is another worldwide contagion? What will we do when we face global challenges like droughts, floods, and fires? We must redesign the global architecture to strengthen the international liberal order and address the current geopolitical challenges.

三、英文寫作： （30 分）總字數限制：350 字以內。       Write an essay of no more than 350 words to comment on the passage below. Support your position and discourse with reasoning and/or examples from readings, studies, experience, or observations.        Salmon Rushdie, world famous author of multiple literary prizes, was left severely injured after being stabbed on stage at an event in New York state. He has faced years of death threats for his 1988 novel The Satanic Verses. As news emerged of Friday’s attack, eyes turned to Tehran where the fatwa, religious edict, calling for the writer’s assassination was first issued more than three decades ago. Meanwhile, JK Rowling, the author of Harry Potter series, was threatened on her social media where she posted her reaction on social media to the attack on Rushdie. Rowling tweeted, “Horrifying news. Feeling very sick right now. Let him be OK.” A Twitter replied, “Don’t worry you are next.” The same twitter account also posted messages praising the assault to Rushdie. Two days after the attack, Rushdie is now on the road to recovery and the threat to Rowling is under police investigation.

(二)儘管席捲全球的 Covid-19 疫情還沒停止，但我們也需要開始思考，疫情過後，世界能恢復往常的生活嗎？我們必須為下一波疫情做好準 備。事實上，根據科學家的研究，每年都有發現新的人畜共通疾病。 隨著世界愈來愈都會化，有更多動物被迫遠離他們的棲息地。此外， 氣候的轉變也扮演關鍵因素，人類與蚊子或其他傳染病媒介有更多的 接觸。另一場疫病大流行的可能性只會有增無減。

114年 - 114 外交特種考試_三等_外交領事人員類科英文組一：外國文（含新聞書信撰寫與編譯）（英文）#130957

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