四、有個學生想要使用門魚兩兩對峙後的輸赢來檢測「勝者效應」(winneeffect),所以他打算去水族館買很多鬥魚來做實驗,記錄下鬥魚打鬥後的勝負記錄。你認為他這樣做正確嗎?若不正確,原因是什麼?而在這樣的實驗中有那些生物性與非生物性因素應該要被當成控制變因? (20%)

五、請將這段話翻譯成達意精確的中文,並請留意英文與中文在標符號與句構上的差異(20%) Climate change is altering environmental temperature, a factor that influences ectothermic organisms by controlling rates of physiological processes. Demographic effects of warming, however, are determined by the expression of these physiological effects through predator-prey and other species interactions. Using field observations and controlled experiments, we measured how increasing temperatures in the Aretic affected development rates and mortality rates (from predation) of immature Arctic mosquitoes in western Greenland. We then developed and parametrized a demographic model to evaluate how temperature affects survival of mosquitoes from the immature to the adult stage.

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