2. 請說明 DNA 電泳的原理。今有一大小為 6000bp 的質體（sample 1），經核酸限制酶 EcoR1 切割得到 sample2，此質體經核酸限制酶 Nde1 切割得到 sample3，若此質體同時接受此兩種限制酶切割，則得到 sample4，已知此兩限制酶在此質體上各有一個切割位點，且相距 1000bp，則此四個樣本所含有的 DNA 片段大小各為何？將此四個樣本在一個膠片上進行 DNA 電泳，請繪圖呈現此四個樣本在成功進行電泳後，在膠片上的 DNA 條帶相對位置（請標示電極方位），並說明除 sample 1 以外，其他 sample 的 DNA 條帶在你所繪的位置的理由？（15 分）

8. 請閱讀以下段落後，寫出該摘要中文大意後，說明如何融入生物課教學，並以此內容設計一道選擇題，需附上答案與題目說明。(10 分)Proprioceptors are primary mechanosensory neurons to monitor the status of muscle contraction and/or body position. Although proprioceptors are known as non- nociceptive mechanoreceptors, they also express the pro- nociceptive acidsensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3). To probe the role for proprioceptors in sensing acidosis (or sngception), we found that genetic deletion of Asic3 in proprioceptors but not in nociceptors abolished acid- induced chronic hyperalgesia in mice. Chemo- optogenetically activating proprioceptors resulted in hyperal-gesic priming that favored chronic pain induced by acidosis. In humans, intramuscular acidification induced acid perception but not pain. Conversely, in a spinal cord– injured patient who lost pain sensation in the right leg, pro-prioception and sngception were remaining somatosensory functions, associated with the spinal dorsal column. Together, evidence from both mouse and human studies suggests a role for proprioceptors in sngception.摘要引用自：Cheng-Han Lee et al ,A role for proprioceptors in sngception.Sci.Adv.11,eabc5219(2025)

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