4. Electrons have been explained to have different distributions outside of nuclei. Please explain what s orbital and p orbital are? Meanwhile, what is sp3hybridization? Give an example. (10%)

2. If we consider a 850 MHz NMR spectrometer, the resonance of 1H nuclear is 850MHz. calculate the energy that is required to make the transition from the lower energy state to the higher state. Meanwhile, please explain how to calculate the population ratio of molecules in the higher and lower states? (8%)