II. Physical chemistry concepts and calculations
 10. Discuss in detail (a) (i) collision theory and (il) transition state theory taught in chemical kinetics: (b) (i) Hess's law and (ii) Bomn-Haber cycle taught in thermodynamics. (20%)

11. Assume 2,000 mol O2(g) at 298.0 K and 1.00 atm behaves ideally. Calculate (i) the change in internal energy and (ii) the final temperature of the oxygen gas when 200.0 J of energy is transferred as heat to the gas at (a) constant volume: (b) constant pressure. (11%)

12. (a) A sample of ideal gas at 244 K and 2.00 atm expands from 10.0 L to 20.0 L by two different paths. Path A has two parts. In the first step. the gas is cooled at constant volume to 1.00 atm. In the second step. the gas is heated and allowed to expand against a constant external pressure of 1.00 alm until its volume is 20.0 L and T = 244 K. Path B is an isothermal. reversible expansion to reach a final pressure of 1.00 atm. Calculate for each path (i) the work done. (ii) the heat transfered. and (iii) the change in internal energy. (b) Discuss the difference in the calculated results obtained in (a) between Paths A and B and explain how the concept of state function is revcaled. (c) Can the results obtain in (a) be used to support the first law of thermodynamics? Explain. (13%)

13. A nonspontaneou us reaction can be driven to occur in biological systems by using a reaction that produces a lot of entropy in the surrounding for building and maintaining their intricate functions. Use any biological reactions as examples to discuss the physical chemistry principle behind the drive and address the related Gibbs fice encrgy changes in biological systems. (For examplc. the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is the reaction used most frequently by organisms to couple and drive nonspontancous reactions. Eating food that contains glucose can heip to restore ADP back to ATP by combustion of glucose in our bodies. However. you can use whichever the reaction you know the best to answer this question.) 让脂嘘半的同 (12%)

(2) Find the activity coefficient of each component Please take the pure substance as the standard state for each component. 

(1) Find the activity of each component 

7. The rate of a first order reaction increases from 1.5 x to at 260 ℃ when a catalyst is added to the reaction. Calculate the decrease in the activation enthalpy H, assuming S°, the activation entropy, is not affected by the catalyst.

6. Given that Henry's law constant for the solubility of oxygen gas in water is 3.30 x 107 torr at 25℃, please calculate the solubility of oxygen under room temperature. Consider air to be 20% O2 at room temperature.

5. Please write the equation that relates the temperature to the amount of gas adsorbed on a solid's surface, and solve for enthalpy change for the adsorption of 40 cm3 of CO (measured at 0 ℃ and 1 atm) by 1 g of silica at 60 °K, and 8 cm3 at 298 °K.

(2) Find the activity coefficient of each component Please take the pure substance as the standard state for cach component.

(1) Find the activity of each component

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