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463財產保險之保險利益一般須在何時存在?(A)要保時(B)保險契約訂立時(C)保險事故 發生時(D)保險期間屆滿時

17 甲以彩色影印方式印製美金紙鈔,非常擬真且混入真正美鈔,於存入銀行時被查獲,依實務見解,甲之行為構成下列何種犯罪? (A)刑法第 195 條偽造貨幣罪 (B)刑法第 202 條偽造郵票罪 (C)刑法第 196 條行使偽造貨幣罪 (D)刑法第 201 條偽造有價證券罪

17.公益信託受託人之辭任應經下列何者許可?(A)法院 (B)目的事業主管機關(C)委託人同意即可 (D)信託監察人同意即可

41. A highly active muscle cell is subjected to extreme mechanical work, causing a sharp, sustained acceleration in the rate of ATP hydrolysis. The initial free energy released by this process is used primarily for mechanical work, such as muscle contraction. Considering the subsequent shift in the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and inorganic phosphate (Pi) within the cell, which statement best describes the immediate, self-regulating response mediated by allosteric control mechanisms? (A) The accumulation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) acts as a competitive inhibitor, competing with substrate molecules for the active sites of catabolíc enzymes, thus slowing down ATP synthesis. (B) The reduction in ATP concentration stabilizes the inactive form of key catabolic enzymes, causing the overall pace of catabolism to decrease. (C) The remaining ATP binds to its specific regulatory sites on anabolic enzymes, inhibiting them, while simultaneously promoting the activity of catabolic enzymes. (D) The rising concentration of ADP functions as an allosteric activator, stabilizing the active conformations of key catabolic enzymes and thereby accelerating the overall rate of ATP regeneration. (E) The decrease in ATP concentration forces the cell's metabolic pathways closer to equilibrium, which increases the amount of work the cell can perform, according to the Free Energy principle (AG).

42. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that functions optimally at a pH of 2, an environment highly concentrated with H* ions. In contrast, most enzymes found in the human body have optimal pH values ranging from 6 to 8. The extreme acidity of pH 2 would typically cause most enzymes to denature, leading to a sharp drop in activity, because the high concentration of H+ ions disrupts the weak interactions crucial for stabilizing the protein's functional shape. Which statement below best describes the mechanism by which Pepsin is specifically adapted to maintain its maximum catalytic activity in the stomach environment? (A) Pepsin uses strong covalent bonds (peptide bonds) to form its active site, which cannot be broken by H+ ions, unlike the weak bonds found in other enzyme active sites. (B) Pepsin's △G (Free Energy change) for its specific catabolic reaction shifts to a highly negative value at pH 2, thereby increasing the spontaneous rate of the reaction independent of structure. (C) The structure of Pepsin minimizes the use of the most electronegative elements. (Oxygen and Nitrogen) in its regulatory sites, making it insensitive to competitive inhibition by H+ ions. (D) Pepsin has evolved to significantly raise the overall activation energy (EA) barrier of its substrate at neutral pH, forcing the reaction to only proceed effectively when thermal energy is supplied by the acidic environment. (E) The amino acid sequence of Pepsin results in a unique three-dimensional configuration that prevents the high concentration of H+ ions from disrupting the crucial weak interactions (such as ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds) necessary for its active shape.

43. During the mitotic phase, the enzyme separase is responsible for cleaving the cohesin proteins that hold sister chromatids together, a step crucial for the initiation of anaphase. If a cell possesseda dominant mutation causing separase to be constitutively active and begin cleaving all cohesins prematurely during prometaphase (before the M checkpoint criteria were met), which outcome is the most likely and immediate consequence? (A) The resulting daughter cells would skip the G1 phase and immediately enter the S phase due to premature activation of maturation-promoting factor (MPF). (B) The cell would successfully complete mitosis, but the spindle poles would fail to move apart due to inactive non-kinetochore microtubules. (C) The M checkpoint would fall, and the liberated chromatids would segregate randomly, resulting in genetically unequal daughter cells. (D) The nuclear envelope would reform immediately, triggering early telophase and preventing the remaining spindle microtubules from attaching to kinetochores. (E) Cytokinesis would initiate during prophase, leading to the formation of multiple, small nuclei within a single parent cell.