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9. 一塊農地隨耕作次數增加,逐漸發生水分入滲率下降,進而導致土壤水分管理之困難。請討論此現象之成因,以及改善方法。(10 分)

7. 下面兩段文章摘選自 Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook,請將其翻譯成中文(專有名詞盡量使用中文名,沒有中文者可直接寫英文名稱)(8分)? Phosphorus (abbreviated P) is one of the essential elements for normal growth and development of plants and normally found in the form of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄). The amount of phosphorus a fertilizer contains is represented as the middle number on the bag expressed as P₂O₅ (such as 5-10-15 where the first number represents the nitrogen percentage and the third number potassium percentage as K₂O. The P₂O₅ unit used to represent P content in fertilizer is a conventional unit (in reality, there is little or no P in the form of P₂O₅ in fertilizer). Phosphoric acid should not be confused with phosphorous acid (H₃PO₃). A single letter difference in the name of a chemical compound can make a big difference in its properties. It is well documented that phosphorous acid is able to control diseases caused by organisms that belong to the Oomycetes that are on agronomical crops. For example, phosphorous acid was shown to be effective when applied as a root drench against Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. nicotianae, and P. palmivora in lupin (羽扇豆), tobacco, and papaya, respectively. Phosphorous acid has both a direct and an indirect effect on oomycetes. Phosphorous acid releases the phosphonate ion (HPO₃⁻-2), also called phosphite, upon disassociation. Like phosphate, phosphonate is easily taken up and translocated inside the plant. Because phosphonate is systemic and stable in plant, it should be applied infrequently. A clear distinction exists between phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid. Claims suggesting that either compound may fulfill the functions of the other are not supported by current literature and are therefore misleading. 8. 請討論土壤施用有機質對於植物營養要素供給的影響。(10 分)

6. 小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)是世界性重要的十字花科蔬菜害蟲,植物保護手冊上建議的防治藥劑有 60%庫斯蘇力菌、80%賜諾殺可濕性粉劑、58%乃力松乳劑及 10%百滅寧乳劑等等。試說明使用上述四種藥劑進行防治的利與弊 (8 分)?若你種植的蔬菜遭受到小菜蛾危害,你會選擇哪一種防治藥劑或方式,為什麼(4 分)?

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68 下列高效液相層析法(HPLC)的檢測器,何者可作成分波峰(peak)的純度測定? (A) Refractive index detector (B) Diode array detector (C) Fluorescence detector (D) Electrochemical detector

53.下列何者之主要成分為(-)-α-bisabolol及 (-)-α-bisaboloxides A, B 等? (A)Rosemary (B)Chamomile (C)Violet (D)Jasmine

30. 下列何項「不」是常用的弱點分類或評分標準? (A) CWE(Common Weakness Enumeration) (B) CSRS(Common Security Risk System) (C) CVE(Common Vulnerability and Exposure) (D) CVSS(Common Vulnerability Scoring System)

34.有關超音波診斷的敘述,下列何者較不適當? (A)一般醫用檢查頻率為1~10 MHz (B)波長越長穿透力愈差 (C)波長越短影像越佳 (D)音波在水中的傳導速度比空氣快

35. Alex: This article says Minecraft can be useful for English learning, not because students already know the game, but because the game gives them a reason to look for information and share ideas. Lisa: So students may read guides, watch videos, or talk with others in English because they want to learn more and play better? Alex: ____________________________ Lisa: I see. The important point is that English becomes useful for a real purpose, not just for a test. (A) Not really. The article mainly says students should study English grammar before they are allowed to play games. (B) Exactly. The game can motivate students to use English while exploring, solving problems, and learning from others. (C) Yes, but only students who already know Minecraft well can understand the English used in the game. (D) Not exactly. The article says Minecraft is useful because students can play alone without using language.

36. An organization involving two or more countries which have mutually agreed to eliminate tariffs, quotas, and other restrictions on trade. Member nations are free to set their own tariffs with the rest of the world. In what way is a free trade association similar to a custom union? (A) In both, members share the same external trade policy. (B) Both make it easier for members to trade with other members. (C) In both, members eliminate tariffs and quotas. (D) Both make it possible for members to collect more tariffs from other members.