所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆生理學
1. In menstrual cycle, elevated ______ could induce the surge of ______, which is essential for ovulation. (A) estrogen, LH (B) estrogen, ACTH (C) progesterone, LH (D) progesterone, ACTH
2. Overweight women after menopause often have breast cancer. Why? (A) thyroid secret estrogen (B) too much progesterone from adrenal gland (C) adipose tissue can secret estrogen (D) brain can secret testosterone
3. What is the main action of oxytocin? (A) to inhibit luteolysis (B) to inhibit the secretion of PGF2a (C) to promote uterine relaxation (D) to promote milk ejection
4. Which one is correct for "Klinefelter's syndrome"? (A) sex chromosome (karyotype) is XXYY (B) high plasma FSH and LH (C) normal or high sperm in semen (D) low plasma testosterone
5. Which one can be applied for glomerular filtration rate? (A) sodium ion (B) glucose (C) insulin (D) inulin
6. For the description of "Countercurrent Multiplier System", which one is " Wrong "? (A) descending limb is permeable for water (B) ascending is permeable for sodium ion/sodium chloride (C) mainly happened in renal cortex (D) sodium ion and urea are responsible for this system in renal medulla
7. Which one is correct for describing para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)? (A) PAH can not be secreted by renal tubular cells (B) to measure the renal blood flow (C) PAH can not be filtered (D) to measure the glomerular filtration rate
8. For the following patients, which one has respiratory alkalosis? (A) pH=7.90, = 19 mEq/L, = 30 mmHg (B) pH 7.05, = 28 mEq/L, = 50 mmHg (C) pH=7.75, = 30 mEq/L, = 44 mmHg (D) pH=6.90, = 18 mEq/L, = 22 mmHg
9. Which of the following is NOT principle function of the liver? (A) Bile production and excretion (B) Storage of glycogen and vitamins (C) Removal of worn-out red blood cells (D) Maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis
10. Which of the following statements about liver is true? (A) The sinusoids are low permeable (B) There is an inverse relationship between portal venous pressure and hepatic venous pressure (C) There is no known vasoconstrictor nerve fiber reaching the liver (D) Jaundice is caused by insufficient conjugated bilirubin in the blood
11. Which of the following cell types synthesizes and secretes plasma proteins? (A) Hepatocytes (B) Kupffer cells (C) Cholangiocytes (D) Sinusoidal endothelial cells
12. Which of the following vasoactive factors exerts an opposite effect on vascular smooth muscle compared with the other three? (A) Eicosanoids (B) Angiotensin II (C) Thromboxane A2 (D) Endothelin-1
13. Which of the following is NOT directly affected by circulating epinephrine? (A) stroke volume (B) heart rate (C) arteriolar radius (D) venous pressure
14. The hydrostatic pressure in a capillary is 30 mmHg at the arteriolar end and 14 mmHg at the venular end. The interstitial pressure is 0 mmHg. The colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mmHg in the capillary and 3 mmHg in the interstitium. The net force producing fluid movement across the capillary wall at its arteriolar end is (A) absorption, 2 mmHg (B) absorption, 8 mmHg (C) filtration, 2 mmHg (D) filtration, 8 mmHg.
15. Which of the following statements concerning control of blood flow through arterioles is true? (A) Beta-adrenergic receptors are more abundant on most arteriolar smooth muscle than are alpha-adrenergic receptors. (B) If the arterial blood pressure to an organ suddenly decreases, arterioles in the organ will dilate in response. (C) Binding of epinephrine to alpha-adrenergic receptors causes vasodilation. (D) Increased stimulation of vascular smooth muscle by the parasympathetic nervous system causes increased vasoconstriction.
16. Which of the following proteins is involved in platelet adhesion to wound sites? (A) Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) (B) Arachidonic acid (C) von Willebrand factor (vWF) (D) Activated protein C
17. Which of the following receptors causes a slower heart beat after receiving a neural signal? (A) α1 adrenergic receptors (B) β1 adrenergic receptors (C) β2 adrenergic receptors (D) Muscarinic receptors
18. Which of the following is a result of increased sympathetic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle? (A) Filtration of fluid from capillaries to interstitial fluid increases. (B) Venous return of blood to the heart increases. (C) Total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreases. (D) The percentage of blood volume in the veins increases.
19. The sciatic nerve belongs to (A) central nervous system (B) peripheral nervous system (C) autonomic nervous system (D) enteric nervous system.
20. Which of following cells could have highest resting membrane potential in the dark (A) cone cells (B) gustatory cells (C) ependymal cells (D) Schwann cells.
21. A retired soldier has been suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), which brain structure functional group could be active in guiding with this soldier's disorder? (A) diencephalon (B) cerebrum (C) limbic system (D) reticular formation.
22. Which of following neurotransmitters would take longer time to be synthesized? (A) dopamine (B) GABA (C) acetylcholine (D) oxytocin.
23. When the sodium (but not chloride or potassium or calcium) channels are opened in a neuron with the resting membrane potential of -70 mV, then the membrane potential of this neuron will likely be changed to (A) -60 mV (B) -40 mV (C) -20 mV (D) all of the above are possible.
24. Multiple sclerosis is a disease that primarily effects the somatic motor nervous system and is directly associated with impairment of neuronal structure of (A) myelin (B) dendrites (C) axon initial segment (D) synapse.
25. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) (A) possess refractory period (B) are mediated by voltage-gated ion channels (C) occur within 1-4 ms (D) can be added up.
26. Neurons that synthesize norepinephrine do not contain enzymes of (A) tyrosine hydroxylase (B) Dopa decarboxylase (C) Dopamine β-hydroxylase (D) Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
27. "Alveolar dead space" occurs in the (A) bronchiole (B) trachea (C) bronchus (D) respiratory bronchiole.
28. "Bohr effect" describes an increase in O2 released from hemoglobin (Hb) in response to change of (A) temperature (B) pH (C) 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (D) Hb molecular subtypes.
29. If arteries plasma CO2 is 50 mmHg and bicarbonate is 24 mmol per liter blood at body temperature of 37 °C, then the arterial pH could be (A) 7.3 (B) 7.4 (C) 7.5 (D) 7.6.
30. Which of the following hormones is secreted by anterior pituitary? (A) somatostatin (B) prolactin (C) oxytocin (D) dopamine
31. Which of the following would most likely occur if thyroid gland is removed? (A) Increase in T3 concentration (B) Increase in T4 concentration (C) Increase in TSH concentration (D) Decrease in TRH concentration
32. Which of the following statements about peptide hormones is correct? (A) Peptide hormones bind to intracellular receptors (B) After peptide hormones bind to their receptors, the receptors bind to DNA promoter (C) Peptide hormones bound to carrier proteins when they circulate in the blood (D) Peptide hormones have shorter half lives compared to the steroid hormones
33. Which of the following statements about cortisol is correct? (A) Cortisol is synthesized from tyrosine (B) Cortisol is synthesized in adrenal medulla (C) Cortisol is secreted in stress response (D) Cortisol causes hypotension (decrease in blood pressure)
34. Which is true following the absorption of glucose? (A) Glucose is converted to amino acids in skeletal muscle. (B) Glucose is stored as fat in skeletal muscle. (C) Glucose is stored as glycogen in skeletal muscle. (D) Glucose is used to make energy by only the brain.
35. Which of the following is the major metabolic effects of glucagon? (A) Glucagon stimulates glycogen synthesis in the liver. (B) Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis in the muscle. (C) Glycogen stimulates glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. (D) Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver.
36. Which of the following is true about insulin? (A) Insulin increases the number of glucose transporter 4 in cell membranes (B) Insulin stimulates lipolysis in the adipocytes (C) Insulin stimulates ketone synthesis in the liver (D) Insulin is secreted by the pancreatic α cells
37. Which of the following statements about type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is correct? (A) T2DM usually occurs during patients' childhood. (B) Severe ketoacidosis is common. (C) T2DM is insulin-dependent. (D) Target tissues respond poorly to insulin in T2DM patients.
38. Which is TRUE about the resting membrane potential? (A) It could be influenced by the activity of ATPase. (B) It is chiefly contributed by voltage-gated ion channels in most physiological conditions. (C) It is determined by the concentration gradients, but not the permeability ratio, of permeating ions at rest. (D) Only excitable cells have a resting membrane potential.
39. If one increases the concentration of outside neurons, which of the followings would most likely occur in physiological conditions? (A) The neurons would be depolarized, because the equilibrium potential of would become more negative. (B) The neurons would be hyperpolarized, because the equilibrium potential of would become more negative. (C) The neurons would be depolarized, because the equilibrium potential of would become more positive. (D) The neurons would be hyperpolarized, because the equilibrium potential of would become more positive.
40. CO2 usually crosses the cell membrane (A) by active transport. (B) through a gap junction. (C) by simple diffusion. (D) CO2 cannot cross the cell membrane.
41. Which of the following is not a mechanism for movement of substances across cell membranes? (A) diffusion. (B) apoptosis. (C) facilitated diffusion. (D) endocytosis.
42. With an implanted electrode you stimulated an individual motor neuron that connects to the bicep muscle to fire an action potential. As a result, some muscle cells within the bicep muscle contracted. The motor neuron plus the muscle cells it excites is called a (A) contracting unit. (B) sensory unit. (C) motor unit. (D) firing unit.
43. Which of the following statements about smooth muscles is TRUE? (A) Synaptic inputs to smooth muscle cells are always excitatory. (B) All smooth muscle cells could generate action potentials. (C) Smooth muscle cells are innervated by parasympathetic but not sympathetic neurons. (D) There may be single-unit or multiunit contractions.
44. Cardiac muscle cannot undergo tetanic contraction chiefly because (A) L-type channel current underlie the action potential of cardiac muscle. (B) there are gap junctions between cardiac muscle cells. (C) the -ATPase pumps out the cytosolic effectively. (D) it has abundant transverse tubules.
45. Which one is NOT required for smooth muscle contraction? (A) (B) ATP (C) Acetylcholine (D) Calmodulin
(1) determine
(2) progression
(3) instead
(4) consequences
(5) susceptible
(6)infections
(7) created
(8) probe
(9) various
(10) signals
阿摩線上測驗
登入
阿摩線上測驗
登入
= 19 mEq/L, 
= 30 mmHg (B) pH 7.05, 
= 28 mEq/L, 
= 50 mmHg (C) pH=7.75, 
= 30 mEq/L, 
= 44 mmHg (D) pH=6.90, 
= 18 mEq/L, 
= 22 mmHg
ATPase. (B) It is chiefly contributed by voltage-gated ion channels in most physiological conditions. (C) It is determined by the concentration gradients, but not the permeability ratio, of permeating ions at rest. (D) Only excitable cells have a resting membrane potential.
outside neurons, which of the followings would most likely occur in physiological conditions? (A) The neurons would be depolarized, because the equilibrium potential of 
would become more negative. (B) The neurons would be hyperpolarized, because the equilibrium potential of 
would become more negative. (C) The neurons would be depolarized, because the equilibrium potential of 
would become more positive.
channel current underlie the action potential of cardiac muscle. (B) there are gap junctions between cardiac muscle cells. (C) the 
-ATPase pumps out the cytosolic 
effectively. (D) it has abundant transverse tubules.
(B) ATP (C) Acetylcholine (D) Calmodulin