110年 - 110長庚大學_碩士班招生考試_生物醫學研究所︰生理學#101170

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆生理學 | 年份：110年 | 選擇題數：45 | 申論題數：10

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆生理學

選擇題 (45)

1. O₂ crosses the cell membrane by (A) active transport. (B) diffusion through a channel. (C) facilitated diffusion. (D) simple diffusion.

2. In theory, will diffusion occur at the absolute zero temperature? (A) Yes, as long as concentration gradients still exist. (B) No, because there is no random molecular motion. (C) Yes, as long as there is energy provided by ATP for diflusion. (D) No, because ATP cannot be hydrolyzed at the absolute zero temperature.

3. Which of the following factors does NOT influence the equilibrium potential for an ion? (A) the concentration gradient of the ion across the membrane (B) the temperature (C) the permeability of the ion across the membrane (D) the valence of the ion

4. Two neighboring ncurons are at rest. Neuron A has a resting membrane potential of -80 mV, and Neuron B has a resting membrane potential of -70 mV, Immediately after deployment of new gap junctions between Neuron A and Neuron B, which of the following will most likely occur? (A) Cations move from Neuron A to Neuron B, and anions move from Neuron A to Neuron B. (B) Cations move from Neuron A to Neuron B, and anions move from Neuron B to Neuron A. (C) Cations move from Neuron B to Neuron A, and anions move from Neuron A to Neuron B. (D) Cations move from Neuron B to Neuron A, and anions move from Neuron B to Neuron A.

5. What will be the most possible result when excessive K' ions suddenly accumulate in the T-tubules of skeletal muscles? (A) Excitation of motor neurons (B) Depolarization and contraction of muscle cells without changes in motor neurons (C) Inhibition of motor neurons (D) Hyperpolarization and relaxation of muscle cells without changes in motor neurons

6. Which of the following statements regarding skeletal muscle contraction is NOT true? (A) All neuromuscular junctions are excitatory. (B) Multiple action potentials in the motor neuron may cause a sustained contraction. (C) During every muscle contraction, muscle fibers change length. (D) Every action potential in a motor neuron normally produces an action potential in the postsynaptic muscle cell membrane.

7.Which is a TRUE stateme ent about smooth muscle? (A) Smooth muscle does not have gap junctions. (B) Smooth muscle does not have thick and thin filaments. (C) Activation of smooth muscle contraction does not require troponin-tropom yosin. (D) Activation of smooth muscle contraction does not require .

8. Hormones normally have the least effects on excitability and contraction of (A) skeletal muscle cells. (B) single-unit smooth muscle cells. (C) multi-unit smooth muscle cells. (D) cardiac muscle cells.

9. Which of the following cranial nerves most likely be affected by COVID-19 virus infection in human? (A) I (B)II (C) II (D) V

10. Which of the following cells would increase after COVID-19 virus infection of brain? (A) intemneurons (B) astrocytes (C) ependymal cells (D) microglia.

11. Neurons usually trigger an action potential in the (A) axon terminals (B) axon initial segment (C) dendrites (D) cell body.

12. When a neuron is at the potassium (K⁺) equilibrium potential, (A) its membrane potential is close to +60mV (B) there is no Kt ion movement (C) the amounts of K⁺ ions moving in are equal to moving out of the neuron (D) Kt ions tend to move in the neuron.

13. Most synaptic transmission in the mature human nervous system is mediated by (A) gap junction (B) chemical synapse (C) electrical synapse (D) blood.

14. Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with Parkinson's disease? (A) dopamine (B) GABA (C) glutamate (D) serotonin.

15. Compared to humans, cats have excellent night vision. Which of the following might contribute to their ability to see in the dark? (A) cats have more kinds of cone photoreceptors (B) cats have more kinds of rod photoreceptors than humans (C) cats have more kinds of chromophores (D) in cats, cone photoreceptors are concentrated in the fovea.

16. The actual receptors for hearing are called (A) baroreceptors (B) nociceptors (C) Pacinian corpuscles (D) hair cells.

17. Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary ry surfactant is TRUE? (A) it is secreted by type I alveolar cells (B) it increases the compliance of the lungs (C) it is seereted into the intrapleural space (D) it can only interact with other lipid molecules.

18. After a normal tidal expiration, the amount of air remaining in the lungs is called (A) expiratory reserve volume (B) inspiratory capacity (C) functional residual capacity (D) residual volume.

19. Which of the following conditions will increase oxygen released from hemoglobin? (A) fever (B) arterial POz is up to 90 mmHg (C) primary alkalosis (D) decreased 2,3 DPG concentration in blood.

20. Testosterone binds to its receptor which (A) stimulates the production of cAMP (B) stimulates the production of diacylglycerol (C) activates tyrosine kinase (D) regulates gene transcription

21. Which of the following pairs of the pituitary hormone and its downstream target gland (the third gland)
is incorrect ?
Pituitary hormone: Target gland (Third sland) (A) Growth hormone: liver(B) ACTH: adrenal(C) Prolactin: prostate(D) TSH: thyroid gland

22. The hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids results in (A) Addison's discase (B) Cushing's disease (C) Graves' disease (D)Dwarfism

23. A lower-than-normal concentration of plasma calcium causes (A) a decrease in bone resorption (B) a decrease in the urinary excretion of calcium (C) a decrease in the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (D) a decrease in vitamin D release from the skin

24. Which of the following hormones increases water permeability of the collecting duct? (A) renin (B) aldosterone (C) angiotensin II (D) antidiuretic hormone

25. Which of the following increases glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? (A) Dilation of efferent arteriole (B) Dilation of afferent arteriole (C) Decrease of net filtration pressure (D) Decrease of mean arterial pressure

26. If the rate of urine formation is 2 mI/min, the urine inulin concentration is 25 mg'ml, and the plasma inulin concentration 0.5 mg/ml, then the GFR is (A) 0.04 ml/min (B) 6.25 ml/min (C) 100ml/min (D) 25 ml/min

27. The majority of renal reabsorption occurs in the (A) proximal convoluted tubule (B) loop of Henle (C) distal convoluted tubule (D) collecting duct

28. Which of the following cells secrete estradiol? (A) theca cells (B) granulosa cells (C) oocytes (D) polar bodies

29. Which of the following sex organs is derived from the Wolfian ducts? (A) epididymis (B) prostate (C) testis (D) penis

30. Secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) is inhibited by (A) high concentrations of inhibin (B) rapidly rising concentrations of estradiol (C) high concentrations of testosterone (D) decreasing concentrations of progesterone

31. The oral contraceptive pills contain___ , which mimic the hormone control of ovaries in the luteal phase. (A) Follicle stimulating hormone (B) Estrogen (C) Progesterone (D) Estrogen and progesterone

32. Which of the following is the LEAST likely cause of hypotension? (A) Hemorrhagc. (B) Vomiting, or emotional responses. (C) Decreased firing of the arterial baroreceptors. (D) A sudden increase in firing of the parasympathetic nervous system.

33. Which of the following is the LEAST likely to result in edema ? (A) Liver cirrhosis. (B) Abnormal decreasc in plasma protein. (C) Blockage of lymph vessels. (D) A decrease in venous pressure.

34. Which of the following is true regarding baroreceptors? (A) Increasing the pulse pressure will increase firing rate of action potentials in the afferent neurons associated with the baroreceptors. (B) The medullary cardiovascular center is the only part of the brain involved in the baroreceptor reilex (C) Activation of the baroreceptor reflex is primarily involved in long-term regulation of systemic blood pressure. (D) Acute blood loss elicits increased firing rate of arterial baroreceptors.

35. Osmotic pressure within a capillary arises as a result of (A) the pressure created by fluid within the capillary. (B) the displacement of water due to a concentration gradient of plasma proteins between the blood and the surrounding fluid. (C) the hydrostatic pressue from the interstitial tissue, pushing against the capillary. (D) the hydrostatic pressure that pushes water out of the capillary.

36. Which of the following vasoactive factor is NOT produced by endothelial cells ? (A) NO (B) Atrial natriuretic peptide (C) Prostacyclin (D) Endothelin-1.

37. Incrcasing sympathetic nerve activity would be expected to (A) decrease the slope of the pacemaker potential. (B) cause vasodilation. (C) decrease heart rate. (D) increase venous return.

38. Assuming that systolic blood pressure is 120 mmiig, diastolic blood pressure is 60 mmHg, cardiac output is 5 L/min, end diastolic volume (EDV) is 120 mi, end systolic volume (ESV) is 60 ml. What is the estimated total peripheral resistance (TPR) ? (A) 14 mmHg.min/I.. (B) 16 mmHg.min/L. (C) 18mmHg.min/L. (D) 20 mmHg,min/L.

39. Which of the following is TRUE regarding metabolism ? (A) Liver glycogen is broken down to glucose and released into the bloodstream in the absorptive state of metabolism. (B) Glucose is converted to fatty acids and glycerol-3-phosphate by liver cells in the absorptive state of metabolism. (C) Excessive amounts of dietary amino acids are converted to glucose in the liver. (D) Excess absorbed glucose could be converted to triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins by adipose cells.

40. Which of the following could increase gluconeogenesis? (A) Increased plasma cortisol levels. (B) Decreased plasma glucagon levels. (C) Decreased plasma epinephrine levels. (D) Increased plasma incretin levels.

41. Which of the following is NOT true regarding cholesterol ? (A) HDLs remove cholesterol from the peripheral tissues, carry it to the liver, and secrete it into the small intestine. (B) Plasma cholesterol concentration is associated with atherosclerosis. (C) Cholesterol solubility in bile depends on the concentration of lecithin and bile salts. (D) Estrogens could increase the low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) ratio.

42. Which of the following tissues is most dependent upon a constant blood supply of glucose? (A) Adipose (B) Brain (C) Liver (D) Skeletal muscle

43. Which of the following acts to decrease blood glucose levels? (A) Epinephrine (B) Glucagon (C) Growth hormone (D) Insulin

44. Which of the following is a major metabolic cffect of glucagon? (A) to increase glycogenolysis in liver (B) to increase gluconeogenesis in liver (C) to increase glucose uptake in liver (D) to increase insulin release from the pancreas

45. Which of the following tissues store the absorbed glucose as glycogen during the absorptive state of metabolism? (A) Adipose tissue and liver (B) Liver and skeletal muscle (C) Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (D) Adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscles

申論題 (10)

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