107年 - 107 長庚大學_研究所碩士班招生考試試題：生理學#125948

1. A water-insoluble substance X has been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease in human, but its pharmacological mechanism has not yet clear. To investigate its mechanism in animals, the experimental group(s) should include animals that receive injection of (A) only substance X group (B) substance X and physiological saline groups (C) substance X and distilled water groups (D) substance X and the solvent that used for dissolve substance X groups.

2. The ion that is associated with exocytosis of synaptic vesicles after an action potential is (A) Na+ (B) Ca2+ (C) Cl- (D) K+

3. The synaptic potential (A) cannot be summated (B) is a long-distance transmission (C) occurs in the motor end plate (D) is also known as a pacemaker potential.

4. At the equilibrium potential of X channels, (A) the membrane potential of the neuron is at 0 mV (B) the membrane potential of the neuron is at -90 mV (C) the neuron is at its resting membrane potential (D) a flux of X ion into and out the neuron is equal.

5. Which of following enzymes probably won't express in the noradrenergic neurons? (A) tyrosine hydroxylase (B) Dopa decarboxylase (C) dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D) phenyl ethanolamine N-methyltransferase.

6. The circulation of cerebrospinal fluid is between (A) pia mater and arachnoid mater (B) arachnoid mater and dura mater (C) pia mater and dura mater (D) pia mater and cerebrum.

7. Which of following receptor activations mediate skeletal muscle contraction? (A) adrenergic receptors (B) noradrenergic receptors (C) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (D) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

8. Temporal summation of presynaptic signals summarizes potentials from (A) two different excitatory presynaptic neurons (B) two overlapping depolarization signals of the same synapse (C) two different inhibitory presynaptic neurons (D) two overlapping hyperpolarization signals of the same synapse.

9. Which of following respiratory status has the lowest intrapleural pressure (Pip)? (A) beginning of inspiration (B) middle of inspiration (C) end of inspiration and beginning of expiration (D) middle of expiration.

10. The percentage of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin in the systemic venous under resting state is about (A) 100 (B) 75 (C) 40 (D) 20.

11. Firings of central chemoreceptors are sensitive directly to increase concentration of (A) H+ (B) O2 (C) CO2 (D) lactic acid.

12. Which of the following changes would most increase the resistance to blood flow in a blood vessel? (A) halving the diameter of the vessel (B) doubling the diameter of the vessel (C) halving the length of the vessel (D) doubling the length of the vessel

13. The QRS complex in an electrocardiogram best represents: (A) depolarization of the atria (B) repolarization of the atria (C) depolarization of the ventricles (D) repolarization of the ventricles

14. Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is TRUE? (A) The duration of systole is greater than that of diastole in a subject at rest. (B) During isovolumetric ventricular relaxation, blood flows from the atria into the ventricles. (C) Closure of the atrioventricular valves occurs at the onset of ventricular systole. (D) The QRS complex occurs at approximately the same time as the closure of the semilunar valves.

15. The frequency of action potentials generated by the SA node is: (A) increased by parasympathetic stimulation. (B) decreased by sympathetic stimulation. (C) increased by acetylcholine (D) increased by epinephrine.

16. Which of the following statements about blood vessel structure and function is FALSE? (A) Veins are more compliant than arteries. (B) The aorta and other large arteries serve as a pressure reservoir for the circulatory system. (C) Arterioles are small vessels whose resistance to blood flow can be varied. (D) Arterioles, capillaries, and veins all have valves that allow only one-way flow of blood.

17. In the systemic circuit, which of these best describes active hyperemia? (A) increased metabolic activity that results in vasoconstriction (B) increased metabolic activity that results in vasodilation (C) decreased blood flow to tissues that results in vasoconstriction (D) decreased blood flow to tissues that results in vasodilation

18. Normally, the hydrostatic pressure difference between capillary fluid and interstitial fluid favors movement of fluid _____ a tissue capillary. The protein osmotic pressure difference between capillary fluid and interstitial fluid normally favors movement of fluid _____ a tissue capillary. (A) into; into (B) into; out of (C) out of; out of (D) out of; into

19. Which is TRUE about the resting membrane potential? (A) It has the same value in all cells. (B) It is oriented so that the cell's interior is positive with respect to the extracellular fluid. (C) Only nerve and muscle cells have a potential difference across the membrane at rest. (D) It can be altered by changing concentration gradients of permeating ions.

20. At the peak of the action potential in normal physiological conditions, the membrane potential is usually: (A) exactly at the equilibrium potential of . (B) close to but more positive than the equilibrium potential of . (C) close to but less positive than the equilibrium potential of . (D) exactly at 0 mV.

21. At very low concentrations, epinephrine causes an artery to dilate. At higher concentrations epinephrine causes the same artery to constrict. How can these different effects be explained? (A) There is one type of epinephrine receptor that uses two second-messenger systems. (B) There are two types of epinephrine receptors with different affinities for epinephrine that use two different second-messenger systems. (C) There are two types of receptors for epinephrine that use the same second-messenger system. (D) At higher concentrations epinephrine can pass through the plasma membrane and directly stimulate contraction within the cell.

22. Which is TRUE regarding diffusion? (A) It depends upon the random motion of molecules. (B) It results in net movement of molecules from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration. (C) It requires energy in the form of ATP. (D) It requires integral membrane proteins to occur.

23. Which of the following statements regarding skeletal muscle is TRUE? (A) Skeletal muscle fibers have pacemaker activity. (B) Skeletal muscle fibers are joined together by gap junctions. (C) A given skeletal muscle fiber will contract when excitatory nervous stimuli sufficiently exceed inhibitory nervous stimuli at the motor end plate. (D) A given skeletal muscle fiber will contract if excitatory synaptic inputs sufficiently exceed inhibitory synaptic inputs on the motor neuron that innervates that fiber and the motor neuron fires an action potential

24. Sensory feedback in the control of skeletal muscle activity is based on information from (A) myoneural junctions & motor end plates (B) muscle spindle apparatus & Golgi tendon organs (C) tension in the sarcomere (D) series elastic components

25. The _____ molecule hides the myosin-binding site on the actin when muscles are not contracting. (A) Calcium (B) ATP (C) Acetylcholine (D) tropomyosin

26. Muscles that are not used may degenerate or undergo a process of _____ (A) atrophy (B) hypertrophy (C) fatigue (D) tetany

27. Biosynthesis of insulin produces a precursor protein with larger molecular weight before being enzymatically processed in order to generate its final active hormone. Which of the following is the immediate precursor protein of insulin? (A) propreinsulin (B) preproinsulin (C) proinsulin (D) preinsulin

28. Which of the following is a correct pituitary hormone response to the hypothalamic hormone listed?

  Hypothalamic Hormone     Pituitary Hormone Secretion    (A) Somatostatin ↑ GH (B) Dopamine ↓ prolactin (C) GnRH ↑ FSH (D) CRH  ↑ ACTH

29. Endemic goiter is caused by (A) autoimmune antibodies acting like TSH (B) stress (C) insufficient uptake of dietary iodine (D) pituitary tumor

30. Steroid hormones (A) are synthesized from cholesterol (B) act through their membrane receptors as transcription factors (C) have shorter half lives than the peptide hormones (D) are stored in vesicles

31. Which of the following is incorrect during absorptive state? (A) Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver (B) Plasma insulin level increases (C) Energy is provided primarily by absorbed carbohydrates (D) Glycogen is produced in liver and muscle

32. Insulin (A) is secreted by alpha cell of pancreatic islets (B) suppresses glucose uptake in the muscle (C) stimulates glycogen synthesis in the liver (D) stimulates lipolysis (triglyceride breakdown) in fat cells

33. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) (A) usually occurs in the adulthood (aged people) (B) is insulin-dependent (C) is the most common form of diabetes (D) can be treated by taking insulin orally

34. Patients with hyperthyroidism have (A) higher metabolic rate (B) increased weight gain (C) lower body temperature (D) hypophagia (eating less)

35. Which materials are responsible for the countercurrent multiplier system in renal medula? (A) urea and water (B) water and postassium (C) potassium and sodium (D) sodium and urea

36. Anemia is often found in dialysis patients since they have few or even no: (A) angiotensin I (B) erythropoietin (C) aldosterone (D) cortisol

37. Which item in blood test is often to be used to detect the glomerular filtration rate? (A) creatinine (B) potassium (C) sodium (D) inulin

38. Which one is respiratory alkalosis? (A)(B)(C)(D)

39. Which steroid hormones are responsible for the maintenance of corpus luteum? (A) estrogen and progesterone (B) progesterone and testosterone (C) testosterone and cortisol (D) cortisol and estrogen

40. Which hormones are responsible for the inhibition of milk production induced by prolactin before parturition? (A) cortisol and aldosterone (B) aldosterone and estrogen (C) estrogen and progesterone (D) progesterone and androgen

41. Which part of sperm is responsible for the energy production? (A) acrosome (B) tail (C) head (D) middle piece

42. Which one is positive feedback? (A) estrogen and LH during corpus luteum (B) estrogen and LH before ovulation 24 hours (C) androgen and LH (D) cortisol and ACTH

43. The function of intestinal enterokinase is to (A) transform pepsinogen to pepsin (B) transform trypsiongen to trypsin (C) transform chymotrypsiongen to chymotrypsin (D) transform procarboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase。

44. The major hormone turning the absorptive state (feasting) into the postabsorptive state (fasting) is (A) cortisol (B) glucagon (C) growth hormone (D) insulin

45. Exercise differs from fasting in that exercise will stimulate (A) gluconeogensis (B) glycogenolysis (C) glucose uptake by muscle cells (D) lipolysis

二、翻譯題

Panic disorder, a complex anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks, represents a poorly understood psychiatric condition which is associated with significant morbidity and an increased risk of suicide attempts and completed suicide. Recently however, neuroimaging and panic provocation challenge studies have provided insights into the pathoetiology of panic phenomena and have begun to elucidate potential neural mechanisms that may underlie panic attacks.