複選題

6. Glycosylation, a post-translational modification to proteins, occurs in the:
(A) RER.
(B) Golgi.
(C) Proteasome.
(D) Endosome.
(E) Mitochondria.

複選題2. Which one of the following statements about mRNA stability is true? (A) Degradation always proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction. (B) 5' poly（Ａ） tail protects RNA from degradation. (C) Secondary structure in mRNA (hairpins, for example) slows the rate of degradation. (D) In general, bacterial mRNAs have longer half-lives than do eukaryotic mRNAs. (E) Rates of mRNA degradation are always at least 10-fold slower than rates of mRNA synthesis.

3. Phospholipids with short or unsaturated fatty acyl chains can: (A) decrease membrane fluidity. (B) increase membrane fluidity. (C) cause biomembranes to become thicker. (D) allow hydrophilic molecules to flip in the lipid bilayer. (E) allow hydrophilic molecules to diffuse across the lipid bilayer.

4. Select the correct statement listed below. 　1. The nuclear pore complex allows for passive diffusion of smaller molecules. 　2. The nuclear pore complex allows for import of proteins. 　3. The nuclear pore complex allows for active transport of very large molecules. (A) Only 3 is correct. (B) 1, 2 are correct. (C) 1, 3 are correct. (D) 2, 3 are correct. (E) All of the above are correct.

5. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol modification serves to target proteins to: (A) RER. (B) Golgi. (C) Plasma membrane. (D) Nucleus. (E) Lysosome

7. Which one is NOT found in mitotic spindles? (A) a-tubulin (B) ẞ-tubulin (C) y-tubulin (D) Microtubule associated proteins (E) Motor proteins

8. Which of the following is not a common intracellular second messenger? (A) inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) (B) 1,2 diacylglycerol (DAG) (C) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (D) 3'-5' cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP) (E) All above are common intracellular second messenger.

9. Which one is the marker of autophagy? (A) Caspase 3 (B) Cytochrome C (C) LC-II (D) Puma (E) RIPK3

10. Which one is a major regulator in M phase? (A) CDK1-cyclin B (B) CDK2-cyclin A (C) CDK2-cyclin E (D) CDK4-cyclin D (E) CDK6-cyclin D

11. Which one contains BH4 domain to inhibit apoptosis? (A) Bak (B) Bax (C) Bcl-2 (D) Bid (E) Bim

12. Which one is NOT the biomarker of apoptosis? (A) Cleaved PARP1 (B) Phosphatidylserine (C) Nuclear DNA fragmentation (D) TUNEL staining (E) Caspase 8