10. The eyes of mammalian and octopus are similar in structure and function. Which of following hypothesis accounts for most of this similarity?
(A) Balanced polymorphism
(B) Convergent evolution
(C) Parallel evolution
(D) Cladogenesis
(E) Macroevolution

複選題6. Mendel used the scientific approach to indentify two laws of inheritance, which comment about "Mendelian genetics" is NOT correct? (A) Mendelian genetics includes two laws as law of segregation and law of independent assortment. (B) The law of segregation states that genes have alternative forms, or alleles. (C) The law of independnet assortment states the pair of alleles for a given gene segregates into gametes independently of the pair of alleles for any other gene. (D) Traits are inherited in discrete units, and are not the results of blending. (E) In heterozygotes, the two alleles are different, and the expression of two different alleles makes phenotypic effects of the other.

7. Which sex determination system is suitable for the following descriptions? There is only one type of sex chromosome, the females have two sex chromosomes, males have only one sex chromosome. Sex of the offsprings is determined by whether the sperm cell contains an X chromosome or no sex chromosome. (A) The X-Y system (B) The X-0 system (C) The Z-W system (D) The haplo-diploid system (E) None

8. Bacteria is one of major group of prokaryotes, which of the following description about "bacterial DNA replication" is NOT correct? (A) Helicase unwinds the parental double helix DNA. (B) Primase begins synthesis of the RNA primer for the Okazaki fragment in lagging strand. (C) The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction by DNA polymerase II. (D) DNA polymerase I removes the primer from the 5’ end of the second fragment, replacing it with DNA. (E) DNA ligase joins the 3’ end of the second fragment to the 5’ end of the first fragment.

9. Which genes should be turned on first to determinate the body axis during embryogenesis of Drosophila? (A) Pair rule genes (B) Segmentation genes (C) Segmentation polarity genes (D) Maternal effect genes (E) Homeotic genes

複選題11. A new species of plant could be originated by hybridization coupled with ________ (A) autopolyploidy. (B) polymorphic speciation. (C) a super species. (D) sympatric speciation. (E) allopatric speciation.

12. The dengue virus fragments will be presented by virus-infected cells along with which of the following? (A) Toll receptor (B) Complement (C) Antibodies (D) Class I MHC molecules (E) Class II MHC molecules

13. The sum of a species’ use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment is called the species’ _________? (A) niche (B) ecological niche (C) resource niche (D) environment niche (E) ecological statement

14. Which statement about variation is true? (A) All new alleles are the result of nucleotide variability. (B) All phenotypic variation is the result of genotypic variation. (C) All genetic variation produces phenotypic variation. (D) All nucleotide variability results in neutral variation. (E) All geographic variation results from the existence of clines.

15. In a hypothetical situation, the genes for sex pilus construction and for tetracycline resistance are located together on the same plasmid within a particular bacterium. If this bacterium readily performs conjugation involving a copy of this plasmid, then the result should be ____. (A) the rapid spread of tetracycline resistance to other bacteria in that habitat. (B) the subsequent loss of tetracycline resistance from this bacterium. (C) the production of endospores among the bacterium's progeny. (D) the temporary possession by this bacterium of a completely diploid genome. (E) a transformed bacterium.

16. Mendel's observation of the segregation of alleles in gamete formation has its basis in which of the following phases of cell division? (A) Anaphase of mitosis (B) Prophase I of meiosis (C) Prophase II of meiosis (D) Metaphase I of meiosis (E) Anaphase I of meiosis