19. Which condition is NOT a substitute for instrumental or directive leadership according to Kerr and Jermier?
(A) high subordinate expertise
(B) high task structure
(C) high formalization
(D) high position power

1. Which of the following statements is true about code law? (A) In code-law countries, intellectual property rights are established by prior use. (B) It is established based on the rulings from previous cases. (C) It uses written norms, which are complemented by court decisions. (D) In code-law countries, companies are granted the ability to operate by public

2. According to Hofstede, which of the following is a dominant characteristic of a society with high power-distance? (A) Societies regulate behavior with very few rules. (B) Status is not given much importance. (C) People are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups. (D) Inequality is expected by all.

3. ________ is the process of subdividing a market into distinct subsets of customers that behave in the same way or have similar needs. (A) Market penetration (B) Market liquidity (C) Market segmentation (D) Market capitalization

4. Which of the following market entry strategies allows an organization 100 percent ownership of its foreign subsidiaries? (A) franchising (B) direct investment (C) product sourcing (D) joint venture

5. The ________ hierarchy assumes the consumer does not initially have a strong preference for one brand over another. Instead, a consumer acts on the basis of limited knowledge and then forms an evaluation only after the product has been purchased or used. (A) experiential (B) habitual (C) low-involvement (D) standard learning

6. Tara was shopping for a new pair of shoes for work. The salesperson was very helpful and friendly, bringing Tara some styles she hadn't thought to try on but that she ended up really liking. Noticing Tara's University of Wisconsin tee-shirt, the salesperson said that she was a student there. Tara ended up buying three pairs of shoes rather than the one pair she had planned on. Tara's experience shows the effect of ________ on consumer behavior. (A) salespeople (B) atmospherics (C) retail theming (D) reward power

7. A customer buying an unfamiliar product that carries a fair degree of risk would most likely engage in what type of decision-making? (A) cognitive decision-making (B) limited decision-making (C) habitual decision-making (D) affective decision-making

8. The opinion leader referred to as a(n) ________ is actively involved in transmitting marketplace information of all types. (A) surrogate consumer (B) innovator (C) monomorphic leader (D) market maven

9. Research shows that which of the following is likely to decrease as a worker grows older? (A) productivity (B) vacation days taken (C) work ethic (D) likelihood of quitting

10. The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is _____. (A) job involvement (B) organizational commitment (C) job satisfaction (D) job stability

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