29) Microsoft has been somewhat protected from the threat of new entrants with its Windows product because of customer preference to buy software that is compatible with the existing universe of software. Which of the following describes the reason why threat of new entrants is reduced?
(A) Supply-side benefits of scale
(B) Demand-side benefits of scale
(C) Customer switching costs
(D) Capital requirements

1 )_developed a categorization scheme for defining what managers do, consisting of ten different but highly interrelated roles. (A) Henri Fayol (B) Abraham Maslow (C) Henry Mintzberg (D) Peter Drucker

2) When managers make decisions that are rational but limited by their ability to process the information, they are following the concept of_. (A) cognitive decision making (B) bounded rationality (C) escalation of commitment (D) intuitive decision making

3 )_is a situation in which a decision maker cannot make reasonable probability estimates. (A) Necessity (B) Risk (C) Uncertainty (D) Certainty

4) Sophie is in charge of recruitment at her company. During a particular interview, the first thing Sophie noticed about the applicant was that he was improperly attired. Though the candidate possessed the necessary qualifications and effectively answered ail her questions, Sophie rejected him. This is an example of the (A) availability bias (B) self-serving bias (C) anchoring effect (D) confirmation bias

5) The process of applying social and environmental criteria to an investment decision is known as___. (A) green screening (B) value-based selection (C) violation of profit maximization (D) social screening

6) Stress symptoms are grouped under the categories of_. (A) physical, economic, and legal (B) physical, psychological, and behavioral (C) physical, psychological, and cultural (D) physical, political, and social

7) Which of the following is an advantage of being a first mover? (A) certainty over the direction of technology and market (B) low development costs (C) no financial or strategic risks (D) opportunity to begin building customer relationships

8) What are the four contingency variables that an organization's structure depends on? (A) strategy, size, technology, and equity (B) management, technology, equity, and degree of environmental uncertainty (C) management, funding, technology, and degree of environmental uncertainty (D) strategy, size, technology, and environmental uncertainty

9) A matrix structure violates which important element of organizational design? (A) unity of command (B) span of control (C) chain of command (D) decentralization

10) ABC Corp. decides to enter the cell phone market. Before launching its new handset, it creates a digital platform which allows the general public to post their ideas and opinions about the features they want in the new phone. In this scenario, the company is_. (A) forming a joint venture (B) creating a boundaryless organization (C) promoting open innovation (D) forming a strategic partnership

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