29. The methods: (1). Northern blotting； (2). RT-qPCR； (3). Southern blotting； (4). RNase protection assay； (5). cDNA microarray；(6). RNA-seq. What can be used for RNA quantification?
(A) (1), (2), (5) and (6)
(B) (1), (2), (4), (5) and (6)
(C) (1), (2), (3), (5) and (6)
(D) (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6)
(E) (2), (4), (5) and (6)

25. Which of the following statements regarding Transposable elements (TEs) is correct? (1) TEs are DNA sequences that have the ability to change their position within a genome. (2) Retrotransposons mobilize through a RNA intermediate being reverse-transcribed by the reverse transcriptase encoded by the retrotransposons themselves. (3) All DNA transposons are mobilized via DNA intermediates being cut-and-paste to new locations in the genome. (A) (1) only (B) (2) only (C) (3) only (D) (1) and (2) (E) (2) and (3)

26. Dr. Robert Roeder discovers three DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from developing sea urchin embryos in 1969. Which description about his study is incorrect? (A) RNA polymerase I is located in nucleoli. (B) RNA polymerase I and II are sensitive to a-amanitin. (C) RNA polymerase III synthesizes tRNA and rRNA 5S. (D) The purification of polymerases is interfered by the nucleosomes. (E) Dr. Roeder develops cell-free reconstitution systems to study transcription and finds other factors are needed for RNA transcription.

27. In humans it is estimated that at least 90% of the genome is transcribed, with only 2% translated into proteins. There are many non-coding RNAs in cells, and one class is long non-coding RNA (IncRNA). Which description is incorrect about IncRNAs? (A) LncRNAs are defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with no apparent protein-coding capacity. (B) They usually are spliced, capped and polyadenylated. (C) The circular RNA (circRNA) does not belong to IncRNAs. (D) They are poorly conservative. (E) One X chromosome inactivation in female is an effect of IncRNAS.

28. The lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli. (A) There are lacZ, lacy and lacA genes in lac operon and they are transcribed independently. (B) The lac repressor encoded by lacl gene is constitutively expressed. (C) In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP) is activated to increase LacZ expression. (D) Lactose is a disaccharide, which can be cleaved by LacZ into fructose and galactose. (E) RNA polymerase binds to operator in the absence of lactose.

30. What is not the unfolding protein response? (A) IRE1 (Inositol-requiring protein 1) is phosphorylated and served as a kinase. (B) IRE1 is an RNase for specific splicing of Xbp1 mRNA. (C) PERK (RNA-like ER kinase) is activated to phosphorylate eIF2a (D) The translation of all proteins is shutdown. (E) ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) is cleavaged and transported into nucleus.

31. Which component is NOT in the Crispr/Cas9 complex? (A) Cas9 nuclease (B) crRNA (C) TracrRNA (D) 5'-3' exonuclease (E) Protospacer adjacent motif (PAM)

32. Which one can positively regulate the transcription elongation? (A) CREB (B) NELF (C) p-TEF (D) N-terminal domain of RNA Pol II (E) p53

33. HR and NHEJ are essential for DNA double strand break repair (DSBR). Which combination could cause synthetic lethality? (A) BRCA1 mutation and PARP inhibitor (B) EGFR mutation and BRAF inhibitor (C) p53 mutation and Chk1 inhibitor (D) RB mutation and cdk inhibitor (E) Kras mutation and AKT

34. Which one is NOT involved in ER to Golgi vesicle trafficking? (A) Sar1 GTPase (B) Clathrin (C) GTPase activating protein (D) Coat proteins (E) SNARE

35. Which condition can increase the activity of hypoxia-inducing factor (HIF)? (A) Pain tolerance (B) Transcription attenuation (C) Cell proliferation (D) Protein translation (E) Microenvironment and high attitude