31. Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive inheritable disease. If the incidence of the disease is about 1/10000, what is the frequency of the phenylketonuria recessive disease allele (a) and the (Aa) genotype frequency of the person carrying the recessive gene in the population?
(A) 0.1% and 0.99%
(B) 0.1% and 1.98%
(C) 1% and 3.96%
(D) 1% and 1.98%
(E) 0.1% and 3.198%

12. Which of the following type of leukocyte would play a role as “antigen presenting cells” and trigger the MHC class II mediated immune response? (A) Basophils (B) Eosinophils (C) T lymphocytes (D) Macrophages (E) Neutrophils

13. The components of the endomembrane system of cells don’t include ________. (A) nuclear envelope (B) endoplasmic reticulum (C) vacuoles (D) plasma membrane (E) mitochondrion

14. Which area of the human brain contains the rhythmic breathing control center? (A) Neocortex (B) Hippocampus (C) Thalamus (D) Medulla (E) Cerebellum

15. ________ absorb products of photosynthesis from living host plants. (A) Epiphytes (B) Carnivorous plants (C) Xerophytes (D) Halophytes (E) Parasitic plants 

複選題32. Which of the following features belong to the coral? 1. a gastrovascular cavity 2. a polyp stage 3. a medusa stage 4. cnidocytes 5. a pseudocoelom (A) 1 and 4 (B) 2 and 3 (C) 2, 3, and 4 (D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 (E) all five of these

33. What is the correct sequence of the following steps during the human excretory system? (A) excretion → filtration → secretion → reabsorption (B) filtration → reabsorption → secretion → excretion (C) excretion → filtration → reabsorption → secretion (D) excretion → filtration → secretion (E) filtration → excretion → reabsorption → secretion

34. In which of the following conditions, asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction? (A) When pathogens are rapidly diversifying. (B) When a species has accumulated numerous deleterious mutations. (C) When there is some potential for rapid overpopulation. (D) When a species is expanding into diverse geographic settings. (E) When a species is in stable and favorable environments.

35. Which of the following does not tend to promote speciation? (A) The founder effect (B) Gene flow (C) Natural selection (D) Polyploidy (E) Disruptive selection

36. What is the response a plant would react to an attack from herbivores? (A) Leaf abscission to prevent further loss of tissue. (B) Early flowering to reproduce before being eaten. (C) Production of chemical compounds for defense or to attract predators of the herbivores. (D) Production of physical defenses, such as thorns. (E) Production of thicker bark and cuticle to make it more difficult to eat.

37. A healthy young man ingests a large volume of distilled water and 50 min later a study is undertaken. In which of the following parts in his kidneys would the liquid with the greatest osmolarity be found? (A) Proximal tubule (B) The bottom of the loop of Henle of the cortical nephron (C) The bottom of the loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephron (D) Distal tubule of the juxtamedullary nephron (E) The innermost medullary collecting duct