試題詳解

55. 血液透析病人的血管通路(AVF, arterio-venous fistula)，透過例行檢視(physical examination)可以及早發 現阻塞或血流異常，及時處理。以下哪一種徵兆符合AVF 動脈端狹窄(inflow stenosis)與血流灌注不足?
(1) increased pulsatility or water hammer pulse during systole
(2) reduced pulsatility during systole
(3) reduced softening and“empty” access during diastole
(4) a high pitch, discontinuous bruit
(5) weak thrill (6) Increased pulse intensity (augmentation) test
(A) (1) + (4) + (6)。
(B) (1) + (3) + (5)。
(C) (2) + (3) + (5) + (6)。
(D) (2) + (3) + (4) + (5)。
(E) (2) + (3) + (4) + (5) + (6)。