62. Birds and mammals both have negative pressure breathing, but birds are more efficient because of which of the following reasons?
(A) The bird's mouth movements are able to force air into the lungs.
(B) The tidal volume in birds is much larger than in a comparably sized mammal.
(C) The flow of air in a bird's lungs is from posterior to anterior.
(D) The brain of the bird maximizes oxygen uptake more efficiently.
(E) The maximum PO2 is significantly higher in bird lungs.

58. Based on the following 15 molecules, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? (A) 11, 12, and 13 could be linked together to form a nucleotide. (B) 5 is an important component of plasma membrane. (C) 2, 7, and 8 are molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides. (D) 3 molecules of 9 and 1 molecule of 10 could be joined together to form a fat. (E) 11 and 13 could be joined together by a phosphodiester type of covalent bond. 

59. About adrenal hormones, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? (A) The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines including epinephrine and norepinephrine. (B) Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted in response to stress-activated hormone cascade pathway via hypothalamus. (C) The adrenal cortex releases a family of steroids called corticosteroids in response to stress. (D) Humans produce two types of corticosteroids: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. (E) Both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids play an important role in regulating blood pressure and volume.

60. Which description is correct about virus infectious diseases? (A) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a mosquito-borne retrovirus that cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of human. (B) Dengue virus has four serotypes that all are zoonoses pathogens that are transmitted from animal to human by vector mosquitoes. (C) Japanese encephalitis virus is a pathogen of zoonoses infectious disease that is transmitted between species from animal to human by vector mosquitoes. (D) H7N9 is an avian influenza virus also a subtype of influenza B virus. (E) Hepatitis B virus is a vector-borne virus that cause more than 80% infection in Taiwan.

61. Which option listed in below is INCORRECT that describe about "ATP synthesis"? (A) H+ ions flowing down their gradient enter a half channel in a stator, which is anchored in the membrane. (B) H+ ions enter binding site within a rotor, changing the shape of each subunit so that rotor spins within the membrane. (C) Each H+ ion makes one complete turn before leaving the rotor and passing through a second half channel in the stator into the mitochondrial matrix. (D) Spinning of the rotor causes an internal rod to spin as well. This rod extends like a stalk into the knob below it, which is held stationary by part of the stator. (E) Turning of the rod activates catalytic sites in the knob that produce ATP from AMP and Pi.

63. Choose the INCORRECT description regarding the hearing system of human. (A) The cochlea can distinguish volume because the basilar membrane is not uniform along its length. (B) The ear conveys information to the brain about two important sound variables that are volume and pitch. (C) Three bones of the middle ear transmit the vibrations to the oval window. (D) The cochlea has two large canals, an upper vestibular canal and a lower tympanic canal, which separated by a smaller cochlear duct. (E) The hearing system of human is a mechanoreceptor system.

64. Which comment about "Global Climate Model" is INCORRECT? (A) Global climate patterns are determined largely by the input of solar energy and Earth’s movement in space. (B) Thermal energy from sunlight warms surface waters to whatever depth the sunlight penetrates, but the deeper waters reamin quite cold. (C) Many features in the environment influence microclimate by casting shade, altering evaporation from soil, or changing wind patterns. (D) Climatic variables affect the geographic ranges of most plants and animals, any large-scale change in Earth’s climate profoundly affect the biosphere. (E) Climate pattern can be modifed by many factors, including seasonal variation.

65. All of the followings have contributed to the diversity of organisms on the Hawaiian archipelago EXCEPT that (A) The islands are distant from the mainland. (B) Multiple invasions have occurred. (C) Adaptive radiation has occurred. (D) The islands are very young in geologic time. (E) Environmental conditions differ from one island to the next.

66. What is systems biology approach? (A) is to define gene curcuit and protein interaction network. (B) sequencing and analyzing whole genome sequence. (C) constructing a linkage map on the chromosome. (D) using bioinformatics tool to analyze gene expression and protein structure. (E) is attempt to integrate different levels of information in order to understand the operation of biological systems.

67. The following events are steps of neural transmission at a chemical synapse. Please choose the correct sequence of events. (1) Neurotransmitter binds with receptors associated with the postsynaptic membrane. (2) Calcium ions rush into neuron's cytoplasm. (3) The ligand-gated ion channels open. (4) An action potential depolarizes the membrane of the axon terminal. (5) The synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. (A) 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 (B) 2 → 3 → 5 → 4 → 1 (C) 3 → 2 → 5 → 1 → 4 (D) 4 → 2 → 5 → 1 → 3 (E) 5 → 1 → 2 → 3 → 4

68. Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of _____. (A) carbohydrates in the root hairs and concentration in the root cortex (B) water and minerals through root hairs (C) water and minerals through mycorrhizae (D) CO2 through stoma (E) CO2 and O2 through stomata in leaves