65. All of the followings have contributed to the diversity of organisms on the Hawaiian archipelago EXCEPT that
(A) The islands are distant from the mainland.
(B) Multiple invasions have occurred.
(C) Adaptive radiation has occurred.
(D) The islands are very young in geologic time.
(E) Environmental conditions differ from one island to the next.

61. Which option listed in below is INCORRECT that describe about "ATP synthesis"? (A) H+ ions flowing down their gradient enter a half channel in a stator, which is anchored in the membrane. (B) H+ ions enter binding site within a rotor, changing the shape of each subunit so that rotor spins within the membrane. (C) Each H+ ion makes one complete turn before leaving the rotor and passing through a second half channel in the stator into the mitochondrial matrix. (D) Spinning of the rotor causes an internal rod to spin as well. This rod extends like a stalk into the knob below it, which is held stationary by part of the stator. (E) Turning of the rod activates catalytic sites in the knob that produce ATP from AMP and Pi.

62. Birds and mammals both have negative pressure breathing, but birds are more efficient because of which of the following reasons? (A) The bird's mouth movements are able to force air into the lungs. (B) The tidal volume in birds is much larger than in a comparably sized mammal. (C) The flow of air in a bird's lungs is from posterior to anterior. (D) The brain of the bird maximizes oxygen uptake more efficiently. (E) The maximum PO2 is significantly higher in bird lungs.

63. Choose the INCORRECT description regarding the hearing system of human. (A) The cochlea can distinguish volume because the basilar membrane is not uniform along its length. (B) The ear conveys information to the brain about two important sound variables that are volume and pitch. (C) Three bones of the middle ear transmit the vibrations to the oval window. (D) The cochlea has two large canals, an upper vestibular canal and a lower tympanic canal, which separated by a smaller cochlear duct. (E) The hearing system of human is a mechanoreceptor system.

64. Which comment about "Global Climate Model" is INCORRECT? (A) Global climate patterns are determined largely by the input of solar energy and Earth’s movement in space. (B) Thermal energy from sunlight warms surface waters to whatever depth the sunlight penetrates, but the deeper waters reamin quite cold. (C) Many features in the environment influence microclimate by casting shade, altering evaporation from soil, or changing wind patterns. (D) Climatic variables affect the geographic ranges of most plants and animals, any large-scale change in Earth’s climate profoundly affect the biosphere. (E) Climate pattern can be modifed by many factors, including seasonal variation.

66. What is systems biology approach? (A) is to define gene curcuit and protein interaction network. (B) sequencing and analyzing whole genome sequence. (C) constructing a linkage map on the chromosome. (D) using bioinformatics tool to analyze gene expression and protein structure. (E) is attempt to integrate different levels of information in order to understand the operation of biological systems.

67. The following events are steps of neural transmission at a chemical synapse. Please choose the correct sequence of events. (1) Neurotransmitter binds with receptors associated with the postsynaptic membrane. (2) Calcium ions rush into neuron's cytoplasm. (3) The ligand-gated ion channels open. (4) An action potential depolarizes the membrane of the axon terminal. (5) The synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. (A) 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 (B) 2 → 3 → 5 → 4 → 1 (C) 3 → 2 → 5 → 1 → 4 (D) 4 → 2 → 5 → 1 → 3 (E) 5 → 1 → 2 → 3 → 4

68. Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of _____. (A) carbohydrates in the root hairs and concentration in the root cortex (B) water and minerals through root hairs (C) water and minerals through mycorrhizae (D) CO2 through stoma (E) CO2 and O2 through stomata in leaves

69. A researcher is trying to construct a molecular-based phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom. Assuming that none of the following genes is absolutely conserved, which of the following would be the best choice on which to base the phylogeny? (A) genes involved in eye-lens synthesis (B) genes that cause radial body symmetry (C) genes involved in chitin synthesis (D) collagen genes (E) beta-catenin genes

70. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration? (A) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle (B) glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA (C) fermentation and glycolysis (D) the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (E) oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation

【已刪除】71. Species of amphibians belonging to the same genus occasionally mate, but their offsprings do not survive. This is an example of ______ (A) the postzygotic barrier called hybrid. (B) the prezygotic barrier called hybrid disjunction. (C) gametic isolation. (D) the postzygotic barrier called hybrid breakdown. (E) adaptative inviability.(本題送分)