7.Which of the following statements describes one characteristic of each chromosome in a cell during the entire process of meiosis I?
(A) Each chromosome is joined with its homologous pair to form a synaptonemal complex.
(B) Each chromosome is paired with a homologous chromosome.
(C) Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere.
(D) Each chromosome consists of a single strand of DNA.
(E) Sister chromatids cross over.

3. Of the following events, which best describes the steps in a signal transduction pathway? a)Tyrosine kinase receptor subunits dimerize； b) An enzyme cascade occurs, increasing of activated proteins； c) A reconfigured protein binds to DNA, altering gene expression； d) A signal molecule is bound by a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor protein； e) The receptor protcin complex phosphorylates other proteins. (A) adbec(B) adecb(C) daebc(D) deabc(E) aedcb

4.It has been reported that long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women with menopause may increase the risk of cancer, possibly because (A) Hormone opens channels in the membrane for other substances to enter (B) Hormone receptor opens channels in the nuclear envelope for cytoplasmic molecules to enter (C) Hormone enables water-soluble molecules to diffuse across membranes (D) Hormone-receptor complex regulates gene transcription in the nucleus (E) Hormone-receptor complex transfers the phosphate groups from ATP

5.Individuals with the inherited disease familial hypercholesterolemia have a very high level of cholesterol in the blood because the cholesterol can't be transported by (A) pinocytosis (B) receptor-mediated endocytosis (C) exocytosis (D) phagocytosis (E) facilitated diffusion

6. The drug cytochalasin B binds to the barbed end of actin. Which of the following events of the cell cycle in animal cells would be most likely disrupted by cytochalasin B? (A) spindle formation (B) spindle attachment to kinetochores (C) separation of sister chromatids (D) movement of chromosomes to the poles during anaphase (E) cleavage furrow formation and cytokinesis

8. The sheep Dolly was cloned by which of the following processes? (A) isolation of stem cells from a lamb embryo and production of a zygote equivalent (B) transfer of an adult cell's nucleus into an enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate (C) separation of an early-stage sheep blastula into separate cells, one of which was incubated in a surrogate sheep (D) replication and dedifferentiation of adult stem cells from sheep bone marrow (E) the nucleus of an embryonic cell was used to replace the nucleus of an adult cell, which was incubated in a surrogate sheep

9. The insulin gene is transcriptionally expressed in certain pancreatic cells, but not in skin cells. Which statement best explains this? (A) Pancreas cells express an activator protein that binds the insulin enhancer. (B) Pancreas cells have more enhancers in the insulin gene. (C) The insulin genes in pancreatic cells and skin cells have different promoters and, therefore, they respond to different regulatory proteins. (D) Skin cells lack an enhancer in the insulin gene. (E) Skin cells lack the insulin gene.

10. What is the correct sequence in which the following occur during a primary humoral immune response?   1. helper T cell activation； 2. B cell activation； 3. plasma cell differentiation and proliferation； 4. antibody secretion； 5. presentation of antigen on class II MHC proteins (A) 5,2,1,4,3 (B) 4,5,2,1,3 (C) 4,5,3,1,2 (D) 5,2,1, 3, 4 (E) 5,1,2,3,4

11. When the admissions committee asks you questions, you hear, understand, and then reply to them. To accomplish this process, what is the correct order of the areas of the cerebral cortex that were used?1. auditory association area 2. Wernicke's area3. premotor area4. primary motor area5. primary auditory area6. Broca's area (A) 5,1,6,2,3,4 (B) 1,5,2,6,3,4 (C) 5,1,2,6,3.4 (D) 1,5,6,2,3,4 (E) 5,1,2,6,4,3 

12. Which molecule is correctly paired with its function? (A) glucocorticoids–decrease blood glucose (B) nitric oxide–increases blood flow into the penis (C) parathyroid hormone–lowers blood calcium (D) aldosterone–increases sodium excretion by kidneys (E) norepinephrine–reduces heart rate

13. Which of the following accurately characterizes evolution? (A) Evolution involves organisms evolving towards greater complexity. (B) Genetic changes occur in populations across generations. (C) Genctic drift favors the most abundant traits. (D) Individuals adapt to environmental changes over time.