複選題

31. Which of the following(s) is/are NOT the isotype(s) of antibodies?
(A) IgA
(B) IgM
(C) IgH
(D) IgB
(E) IgG

複選題27. Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Which of the following statements regarding signal transduction are CORRECT? (A) Intracellular signals can be triggered by proteins with enzymetic activity such as kinases or phosphatases (B) Proteins can be phosphorylated at histidine, tyrosine or serine residues (C) Adaptor proteins usually undergo phosphorylation and provide a docking sites for other signal mediators (D) Src homology domain 2 (SH2) binds to proline-rich containing proteins (E) Calcium is a well-known second messenger

28. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that plays a key role in physiology and pathology. Which statements regarding apoptosis is NOT CORRECT? (A) Starvation is a trigger for the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis (B) Bcl2 is anti-apoptotic molecule in intrinsic pathway of apoptosis (C) Caspase 3 is the initiator caspase for both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis (D) Cytochrome c release from mitochondria is a hallmark for intrinsic pathway (E) Apoptotic cells will be rapidly engulfed by macrophages and induce inflammation

複選題29. Red-green (RG) color blindness is one of the most common X-linked recessive disorders. If a mother is a carrier of RG color blindness, what would be the probability of her kids to show the symptom? (A) 100% for all baby boys (B) 50% for all baby boys (C) 100% for baby girls (D) 50% for baby girls (E) 0% for baby girls

複選題30. Biomembrane provides a margin and a fixed environment for a cell or an organelle inside the cell. Which of the following statements regarding biomembrane are CORRECT? (A) Usually a biomembrane consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins (B) The biomembrane of mitochodria and ER are unique in that they have double membranes (C) The distribution of phospholipid in the inner and outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is arranged in a symmetric manner (D) Autophagy is an adaptation process in which cell components are removed through autophagolysosome which contains double membrane  (E) When cells undergo apoptosis phosphatidyl serine will exposed to outer leaflet of plasma membrane

32. Which of the following organism(s) is/are NOT used as biological model(s) in studying biology in vivo? (A) Zebra fishes (B) Chimpanzees (C) Guinea pigs (D) Human (E) Fruit flies

複選題33. Which of the following description(s) is/are CORRECT? (A) A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. (B) There are four types of COVID-19 vaccines in clinical trials: whole virus particles, protein subunits, viral vector and nucleic acids. (C) COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (D) Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasitic worms, insects and snakes are all belonged to pathogens. (E) Allergy is a kind of immune disease.

複選題34. Which of the following technique(s) need to use monoclonal antibodies? (A) Flow cytometry (B) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) (C) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (D) Immunoprecipitation (IP) (E) Western blotting

複選題35. Which of the following technique(s) can be used to detect genes? (A) Western blotting (B) Southern blotting (C) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (D) Gel electrophoresis (E) High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 

複選題36. Which of the following cell type(s) is/are NOT immune cells? (A) Nature killer cells (B) B cells (C) Macrophages (D) Fibroblasts (E) Adipocytes

複選題37. Which of the following strategies can be used to control cancer? (A) Antibiotic treatment (B) Surgery (C) Immune checkpoint blockade (D) Stem cell transplants (E) Dendritic cell vaccines