複選題

8. Which of the following descriptions for metal or heavy metal exposure is/are CORRECT?
(A) Blood and urine concentrations usually are reflective of more recent exposures and correlate with acute adverse effects
(B) Hair can be useful in assessing variations in exposure to metals over the period of its growth
(C) The biological half-lives of arsenic in bone are 20--30 years
(D) The half-life of lead in blood is only a few weeks
(E) After inhalation of mercury vapor, at least two half-lives describe the retention in brain

複選題4. The possible final products of fermentation (anaerobic reaction) in animal cells or yeast could be (A) CO2 (B) (C) lactate (D) alcohol (ethanol) (E) H2O.

複選題5. Which of the following works make the scientists to be awarded the Nobel Prize? (A) Genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 system (B)Identification of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in cancer therapy (C)Taqman probe in real time quantitative PCR (D) Reprogramming the mature cells into pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) (E) Phage display of peptide and antibodies 

複選題6. Choose the descriptions which are NOT CORRECT: (A) DNA methylation on the promoter region is commonly associated with downregulation of gene expression. (B) Promoter is a region at the gene where the transcriptional machinery binds. (C) Enhancers are the units of regulatory sequences which spread thousands of nucleotides from only the upstream of promoter. (D) Insulators are found between enhancers and some promoters to block activation of the promoter by activators. (E) The function of histone acetyl transferases is adding acetyl groups to histones tails, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly.

複選題7. Which of the following descriptions about Apoptosis are CORRECT? (A) It is a kind of programmed cell death in response to extracellular or intracellular stresses. (B) Cells swell and form apoptotic body at the end of apoptosis. (C) There are external and internal pathways in apoptotic signal transduction, and both activation processes converge to a common protein, caspase 9, to finally induce apoptosis. (D) DNA is cleaved into small fragments with around 180 to 200 bp in size. (E) Both apoptosis and autophagy share most of the regulatory mechanisms.

複選題9. Which of the following unit of the radiation activity is/are CORRECT? (A) The units of measurement for radioactivity are the becquerel (Bq, international unit) and the curie (Ci, U.S. unit) (B) The unit used for effective dose is sievert (Sv, international unit) or rem (U.S. unit) (C) A millisievert is one hundred of a sievert (D) The unit for absorbed dose is the gray (Gy, international unit) or the rad (U.S. unit) (E) One gray is defined as 1 joule of energy released in 1 g of tissue

複選題10. Which of the following is/are NOT the protein(s) produced by fat cells under direction of the ob gene that can decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure? (A) Adiponectin (B) Biotin (C) Fatty acid-binding protein (D) Klotho (E) Leptin 

複選題11. Which of the following environment pollutants are endocrine-disrupting chemicals? (A) Bisphenol A (B) Benzo(a)pyrene (C) ẞ-naphthoflavone (D) Polychlorinated biphenyls (E) 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

複選題12. The compound is/are formed in foods that are high in carbohydrate, but low in protein, which are subjected to processing temperatures of at least 120°C. The presence of ammonium bicarbonate as a leavening agent increases the formation of the compound. Which of the following is/are the compound? (A) Acyclovir (B) Acrylamide (C) Benzo[a]pyrene (D) Furans (E) Polychlorinated biphenyls

複選題13. Which of the following is/are the occupational exposure agent classified by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as group 1 definite human carcinogen? (A) Beryllium (B) Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (C) 2-Naphthylamine (D) Soot (E) Wood dust

複選題14. Which of the following is/are NOT CORRECT about the core components of Metabolic Syndrome? (A) Increased central obesity (B) Insulin resistance (C) Decreased fasting insulin (Type 1 diabetes) (D) Increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels (E) Increased serum triglycerides and hypertension