11. Escalation of commitment refers to ________.
(A) greater commitment to a decision because of ones belief that it is "the right thing to do"
(B) an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong
(C) the strengthening of commitment to a particular course of action due to greater motivation by others
(D) commitment to a faulty decision due to an unwillingness to go against the opinion of the majority

7. Managers are assumed to use ________ if they make logical and consistent choices to maximize value. (A) rational decision making (B) bounded rationality (C) intuitive decision making (D) evidence-based management

8. Which of the following is NOT a valid assumption about rationality? (A) The decision maker accepts a solution that is good enough. (B) The decision maker is logical in his approach. (C) The problem is clear and unambiguous. (D) A single, well-defined goal is to be achieved.

9. Managers cannot possibly analyze all information on all alternatives, they tend to ________, rather than ________. (A) satisfice； maximize (B) neutralize； satisfice (C) satisfice； neutralize (D) maximize； satisfice

10. Toby is hunting for a new apartment. He is specifically looking for one that is located in the heart of the city and should be available for $600 per month. However, Toby is also willing to pay up to $850 per month for a place that is situated slighted away from the city center. According to him, the second option "will also do." This is an example of ________. (A) rational decision making (B) bounded rationality (C) non linear thinking (D) intuitive decision making

12. All of the following are aspects of intuition EXCEPT ________. (A) programmed decisions (B) cognitive-based decisions (C) affect-initiated decisions (D) experienced-based decisions

13. ________ are straightforward, familiar, and easily defined. (A) Organic problems (B) Nonprogrammed problems (C) Structured problems (D) Analogous problems

14. A(n) ________ decision is a repetitive decision that can be handled by a routine approach. (A) organic (B) nonprogrammed (C) programmed (D) nonlinear

15. "Smoking and the consumption of alcohol are strictly prohibited inside the work premises." This is most likely an example of a(n) ________. (A) objective (B) procedure (C) rule (D) axiom

16. Which of the following is an example of a policy? (A) Smoking and the consumption of alcohol are strictly prohibited inside the work premises. (B) Employees working with power tools must wear safety glasses at all times. (C) We are an equal opportunity employer with a diverse workforce. We do not discriminate against employees and applicants on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, disability, marital status, sexual orientation or veteran status. (D) Before going on a leave of absence, fill up the application form available on the company's online leave management system. All applications will be approved/rejected within two days by the employee's immediate supervisor.

17. Nonprogrammed decisions ________. (A) are associated with clear and specific goals (B) are unique and nonrecurring (C) involve standardized solutions (D) are usually made by lower-level managers