12. How are glutamic acid, arginine, and proline related in the process of amino acid biosynthesis?
(A) All are derived from acetyl CoA.
(B) All are derivatives of a-KG.
(C)All are derivatives of pyruvate.
(D) All are derived from aspartate.
(E) All are derivatives of 3-phosphoglycerate.

1. Glutamic acid contains two carboxylic acid groups (pKa = 2.2 and 4.2) and an amine group (pKa = 9.7). What is the pI for glutamic acid? What is glutamic acid's net charge in a solution with pH =7.4? (A) 3.2, negative charge (B) 6.0, negative charge (C)6.5, no charge (D) 7.0, positive charge (E) none of the above

2.Which is the description about an allosteric interaction between a ligand and a protein? (A) binding of a molecule to a binding site affects binding of additional molecules to the same site (B) binding of a molecule to a binding site affects binding properties of another site on the protein (C) binding of the ligand to the protein is covalent (D) multiple molecules of the same ligand can bind to the same binding site (E) two different ligands can bind to the same binding site

3.Which of the following is an irreversible form of inhibition? (A) suicide inhibitor (B)competitive inhibitor (C)noncompetitive inhibitor (D) uncompetitive inhibitor (E) none of the above

4. Amphetamine and mescaline cause hallucinogenic effect by stimulating the central nervous system. They are the agonist of (A) acetylcholine (B) GABA (C)NMDA (D) glutamate (E) dopamine

5. Steroid hormones, such as glucocorticoids, affect their action by: (A) binding to a plasma membrane receptor and then activating the kinases cascade. (B) binding the plasma membrane receptor, which stimulates the receptor to enter the cell. (C)entering into the cell and affecting the production of secondary messengers. (D) entering into the cell and then acting as transcription regulators. (E) none of the above.

6.Which of the following, when paired with its complementary strand, would have the highest Tm? (A) AAGTTCCAGTAA (B) ATTACGAGCTAT (C)GCAGCAGCATTT (D) GCGAAATCAATA (E) TGACCTTGAATT

7. Diphtheria toxin kills cells by inactivating EF-2 proteins. Which process is inhibited by the diphtheria toxin? (A) Movement of DNA polymerase on the template DNA (B) Promoter clearance of the RNAPII (C)Movement of RNAPII on the template DNA (D) Ribosome assembling on the mRNA (E) Ribosome translocation

複選題8. Glycerol generated from hydrolysis of triacyIglycerols enters which one of the following intermediates in glycolysis? (A) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. (B) 2-phosphoglycerate. (C)3-phosphoglycerate. (D) dibydroxyacetone phosphate. (E) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.

9. The common product produced by Complex I and Complex II in the electron transport chain is: (A) NAD+. (B) FAD. (C)reduced O2. (D) reduced cyt c. (E) reduced coenzyme Q.

複選題10. Which one of the following factors is NOT an antioxidant to cope with oxidative stress? (AB) catalase. (AC) uric acid. (AD)vitamin B6. (AE) vitamin C. (BC) SOD. (BD)一律送分

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