15. In which of the following environments do managers in an organization have the greatest influence on organizational outcomes?
(A) stable and complex environments
(B) stable and simple environments
(C) dynamic and simple environments
(D) dynamic and complex environments

11. Which of the following is a characteristic of a dynamic environment? (A) the presence of new competitors in the market (B) few technological breakthroughs by current competitors (C) little activity by pressure groups to influence the organization (D) high level of predictability of changes in environmental conditions

12. Which of the following are the two dimensions of environmental uncertainty? (A) degree of change and degree of complexity (B) degree of change and degree of volume (C) degree of impact and degree of timing (D) degree of complexity and degree of impact

13. Which of the following is NOT true about the environmental complexity of an organization? (A) Environmental complexity increases as the number of competitors increases. (B) It is measured in terms of the knowledge an organization needs about its environment. (C) It depends on the knowledge an organization has about the components of its environment. (D) Complexity decreases as the number of regulatory agencies increases.

14. Which of the following statements is true of dynamic and complex environments? (A) A high need for sophisticated knowledge of components exists in such environments. (B) They are characterized by a high degree of predictability of change. (C) There are usually few components in such environments. (D) The components in such environments are somewhat similar, but are continually changing.

16. Which of the following environments is characterized by the highest level of environmental uncertainty? (A) a stable and simple environment (B) a stable and complex environment (C) a dynamic and complex environment (D) a dynamic and simple environment

17. The term ________ is used to collectively refer to any constituencies in an organization's environment that are affected by its decisions and actions. (A) stakeholders (B) unions (C) competitors (D) shareholders

18. ________ has been described as the shared values, principles, traditions, and ways of doing things that influence the way organization members act. (A) Business configuration (B) Industrial psychology (C) Organization culture (D) Corporate hierarchy

19. Which of the following statements highlights the shared aspect of culture? (A) Even though individuals may have different backgrounds or work at different organizational levels, they tend to describe the organization's culture in similar terms. (B) Organizational culture is not something that can be physically touched or seen, but employees perceive it on the basis of what they experience within the organization. (C) The original source of the culture of an organization reflects the vision of the organizaton's founders. (D) Organizational culture is concerned with how members perceive the culture and describe it, not with whether they like it.

20. Which of the following most accurately reflects the difference between strong cultures and weak cultures? (A) Company values are more deeply held and widely shared in strong cultures than in weak cultures. (B) Strong cultures tend to encourage employees to try new approaches to changing conditions, while weak cultures do not. (C) Strong cultures have less of an influence on employee behavior than do weak cultures. (D) In strong cultures, organizational values are held by top management, while in weak cultures, values are diffused throughout the organization.

21. Which of the following dimensions of organizational culture refers to the degree to which organizational decisions and actions emphasize maintaining the status quo? (A) stability (B) attention to detail (C) people orientation (D) innovation and risk taking