20. In Michael Porter's five forces model of competition,_________ is determined by the height of barriers t ers to entry, such as economies of seale and brand loyalty.
(A)threat of substitutes
(B) threats of new entrants
(C) bargaining power of buyers
(D)bargaining power of suppliers

1. The management nt process functions consist of_______. (A) planning, organizing, staffing, and directing (B)planning, organizing, leading, and directing (C)planning, organizing, leading, and staffing (D)planning organizing, leading, and controlling

2. Adam Smith advocated_______ to produce produets more quickly. (A)job specialization (B)division of labor (C) unity of direction (D)centralization

3. Whereas _______is concerned with the means of getting things done,_______ is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals. (A)cffectiveness； efficiency (B)eficiency, effoctiveness (C) effectiveness: goal attainment (D)goal attainment； effciency

4._______describes non-required employee activities that may or may not be rewarded but that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which work takes place. (A) creative task performance (B)adaptive task performance (C)counterproductive behavior (D)contextual perfornance

5. An organiza zation's cullure is _______. (A) represented in organizational meetings by the top mar anager of the organization (B)represented by a common perception held by interest groups that watch the organization (C)represented by a common peeception beld by the organization's members (D)changed when the organization is purchased by new owners

6. The reas son that a n nation's cultural differences are the most diffieult to gain information about is because _______. (A) peoplc tend to be sensitive about their own eulture (B)providing this infornation to foreign organizations roduces a competitive busincss advantage (C) there is little written on tbe issue (D)"natives" are least capable of explaining the unique characteristics of their own culture

7.Bily Jean was angry that her supervisor told her she had to change the way sbe performed the job to inerease her effieieney. However, the supervisor's position gave him the_______ to change Billy Jean's work behavior. (A) leadership (B)hierarchy (C)nutbority (D)empowerment

8.With the stakeholder ider approach of dea ealing with environmental issues, the organization chooses to respond to_______. (A) the demands made by the strongest stakeholders (B)multiple demands made by social stakcholders (C) the demands made by govemmental stakeholders (D)multiple demands made by stakeholders

9. Selena facilitates a monthly forum that provides team members across various functions and locations throughout her company an opportunity to share ideas, concerns, and solutions related to the work environment. She is acting in the role of a ________by enabling diverse individuals to coordinate their efforts. (A)figurehead (B)liaison (C)negotiator (D)disturbance handler

10. Josh works for ar an advertising ageney. He works in a matrix setting. Under such a condition, which of Fayol's principles of management is likely to be violated? (A) initiative (B)unity of command (C)division of Labor (D)unity of direction

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