3. Which reaction in the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) can produce ATP?
(A) from citrate to isocitrate
(B)from a-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA
(C) from succinyl CoA to succinate
(D) from fumarate to malate
(E) from malate to oxaloacetate

複選題39. Which of the following statements are correct regarding RNA silencing? (A) Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are derived from hairpin precursor RNAs. (B) MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are derived from double-stranded RNAs. (C) Both siRNAs and miRNAs are generated by the enzyme called Dicer. (D) The small RNA complement to the target mRNA is called the passenger RNA. (E) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase can enhance the efficiency of RNA silencing.

複選題40. Synthetic biology is defined as a field of science that involves redesigning organisms for useful purposes using the concept of forward engineering. According to this definition, which of the following studies are considered as synthetic biology? (A) Biosynthesis of artemisinic acid in yeasts. (B) Production of p53 mice to analyze the effect of p53 on tumor formation. (C) Design of light-sensing gene regulatory circuits in Escherichia coli. (D) Establishment of an Arabidopsis T-DNA insertional mutant collection. (E) Synthesis of a minimal bacterial genome.

複選題1. Which one of the following descriptions are CORRECT? (A) There is only one or two antigen determining sites on a big and complex protein molecule. (B) Haptens are small molecules which generally are not capable of invoking immune response by themselves in animals (C) Metabolomics is an analytical technique for measuring and comparing large numbers of metabolites with a molecular weight larger than 1500 dalton (D) NMR spectroscopy or LC-MS could be used as analytical techniques in metabolomics. (E) Metabolomics are the techniques which are used to study an entire set of transcripts in an organism.

複選題2. Please choose the following techniques which are generally used in studying proteomics? (A) ELISA (B) NMR (C) LC-MS/MS (D) Western blot (E) 2-D electrophoresis

複選題4. The possible final products of fermentation (anaerobic reaction) in animal cells or yeast could be (A) CO2 (B) (C) lactate (D) alcohol (ethanol) (E) H2O.

複選題5. Which of the following works make the scientists to be awarded the Nobel Prize? (A) Genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 system (B)Identification of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in cancer therapy (C)Taqman probe in real time quantitative PCR (D) Reprogramming the mature cells into pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) (E) Phage display of peptide and antibodies 

複選題6. Choose the descriptions which are NOT CORRECT: (A) DNA methylation on the promoter region is commonly associated with downregulation of gene expression. (B) Promoter is a region at the gene where the transcriptional machinery binds. (C) Enhancers are the units of regulatory sequences which spread thousands of nucleotides from only the upstream of promoter. (D) Insulators are found between enhancers and some promoters to block activation of the promoter by activators. (E) The function of histone acetyl transferases is adding acetyl groups to histones tails, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly.

複選題7. Which of the following descriptions about Apoptosis are CORRECT? (A) It is a kind of programmed cell death in response to extracellular or intracellular stresses. (B) Cells swell and form apoptotic body at the end of apoptosis. (C) There are external and internal pathways in apoptotic signal transduction, and both activation processes converge to a common protein, caspase 9, to finally induce apoptosis. (D) DNA is cleaved into small fragments with around 180 to 200 bp in size. (E) Both apoptosis and autophagy share most of the regulatory mechanisms.

複選題8. Which of the following descriptions for metal or heavy metal exposure is/are CORRECT? (A) Blood and urine concentrations usually are reflective of more recent exposures and correlate with acute adverse effects (B) Hair can be useful in assessing variations in exposure to metals over the period of its growth (C) The biological half-lives of arsenic in bone are 20--30 years (D) The half-life of lead in blood is only a few weeks (E) After inhalation of mercury vapor, at least two half-lives describe the retention in brain

複選題9. Which of the following unit of the radiation activity is/are CORRECT? (A) The units of measurement for radioactivity are the becquerel (Bq, international unit) and the curie (Ci, U.S. unit) (B) The unit used for effective dose is sievert (Sv, international unit) or rem (U.S. unit) (C) A millisievert is one hundred of a sievert (D) The unit for absorbed dose is the gray (Gy, international unit) or the rad (U.S. unit) (E) One gray is defined as 1 joule of energy released in 1 g of tissue