33. According to Swedish researcher Goran Ekvall, which of the following is a characteristic found in an innovative culture?
(A) resolution of employee issues based on personal interest
(B) a serious outlook toward work
(C) intolerance toward uncertainty or ambiguity
(D) freedom for employees to express opinions

29. The term ________ refers to repetitive sequences of activities that express and reinforce the important values and goals of the organization. (A) corporate rituals (B) organizational culture (C) employee mentoring (D) business ethics

30. Which of the following is an example of a corporate ritual? (A) Company executives using company-specific jargon or slogans intended to inspire other employees to perform better. (B) Employees swapping stories about the company's history and past heroes who have made significant contributions to the company. (C) The assortment of material artifacts that characterize an organization, including the layout of its facilities, how its employees dress, and the types of automobiles provided to top executives. (D) Companies hosting annual parties to commemorate employee contributions and reward outstanding performance.

31. In an organization whose culture conveys a basic distrust of employees, managers are more likely to use a(n) ________ leadership style. (A) laissez-faire (B) participatory (C) authoritarian (D) democratic

32. An organization's culture supports the belief that profits can be increased by cost cutting and that the company's best interests are served by achieving slow but steady increases in quarterly earnings. What is the nature of the programs that the organization's managers are likely to follow? (A) expansionary (B) risky (C) innovative (D) short-term

34. An innovative organizational culture is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT ________. (A) freedom (B) risk taking (C) conformity (D) debates

35. Which of the following guidelines should managers follow while building a customerresponsive culture? (A) giving service-contact employees continual training on product knowledge, listening, and other behavioral skills (B) designing jobs with rigid rules and procedure that employees should stick to in order to satisfy customers (C) precisely defining employees' normal job requirements and ensuring they perform those actions alone (D) preserving the discretion to make day-to-day decisions on job-related activities at the top level of management

36. Workplace spirituality has become important in the contemporary workplace because it ________. (A) increases organizational efficiency (B) brings religion into business (C) gives employees a sense of purpose (D) boosts company profits

37. A company that aims to develop a strong sense of purpose through meaningful work has a(n) ________ organizational culture. (A) profit-oriented (B) authoritarian (C) outcome-oriented (D) spiritual

38. Which dimension of the organizational culture is workplace spirituality most closely related to? (A) innovation and risk taking (B) outcome-orientation (C) people-orientation (D) attention to detail

39. Which of the following is a characteristic found in spiritual organizations? (A) tolerance towards mistakes and openness with customers and employees (B) emphasis on controlling emotions and feelings (C) focus on team development, rather than individual development (D) profit-oriented outlook towards all organizational activities