⑴英譯中：請將下列英文譯為中文。（12 分） Extensive research suggests that empty threats neither damage a state’s global credibility nor create pressures forcing it to follow through on those threats. Though questions of credibility are still debated by political scientists, history is littered with examples of false threats conveniently ignored. During the Cold War, the Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev repeatedly threatened to seize West Berlin. But Soviet actions betrayed his threats as empty, allowing Washington and Moscow to quietly sidestep the risk of war in Germany. He never felt politically forced to invade. And few doubted Soviet credibility a few months later when Moscow tried to install nuclear weapons in Cuba — an action that spoke louder and more clearly than any of Khrushchev’s words. That is the real lesson of the Cuban missile crisis.

二、英文作文：請根據下面的指示，寫出一篇大約 350 字的短文。（50 分） Read the excerpt below carefully and think about the assignment that follows. The diplomatic (re)making of the world involves two layers, “order as value” and “order as fact.” What is less clear, however, is what kind of diplomatic processes and instruments can help remake the world for the “better”? For some, peaceful international orders cannot emerge without diplomats systematically addressing the deep causes of international conflict such as endemic poverty, global health disparities, undemocratic governance or lack of opportunities for human development. For others, these represent legitimate and ambitious goals but hardly feasible given the sheer complexity of the issues and the practical difficulties of mobilizing broad coalitions of actors and institutions in support of long-term projects. There is no easy formula to reconcile these two views. Short- and long-term priorities obviously need to be set, but the nature of these priorities remains a subject of intense debate. –Corneliu Bjola and Markus Kornprobst. Understanding International Diplomacy: Theory, Practice and Ethics. Assignment: Based on the excerpt, what is the essential difference between the two views on the role of diplomats in creating peaceful international orders? Do you agree with Corneliu Bjola and Markus Kornprobst that there exists “no easy formula to reconcile the two views”? In your opinion, what kind of diplomatic processes and instruments can help improve the world? Compose an essay in which you express your views on this topic. Your essay may support, refute, or qualify the views expressed in the excerpt. What you write, however, must be relevant to the topic under discussion. Additionally, you must support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.

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