無年度 - ROBBINS英選17#95207

1. The hierarchy of needs theory of motivation was proposed by ________, a psychologist who proposed that within every person is a hierarchy of five needs. (A)Douglas McGregor (B) Frederick Herzberg (C)David McClelland ((D)Abraham Maslow

2. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when an employer provides his employees health insurance, he is taking care of their ________ needs. (A)esteem (B) safety (C)self-actualization (D)social

3. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when a company names an "Employee of the Month" and "Employee of the Quarter," the company is addressing employees' ________ needs. (A)safety (B) physiological (C)esteem (D)self-actualization

4. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, a person's needs for growth, achieving one's potential, and self-fulfillment, and the drive to become what one is capable of becoming constitute his or her ________ needs. (A)safety (B) physiological (C)social (D)self-actualization

5. Which of the following needs is a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory? (A)safety (B) social (C)self-actualization (D)esteem

6. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, ________ needs are predominantly satisfied externally while ________ needs are satisfied internally. (A)safety； self-actualization (B) social； physiological (C)self-actualization； physiological (D)social； safety

7. McGregor's Theory X assumes that employees ________. (A)need to be closely controlled to work effectively (B) exercise self-direction (C)seek out and accept responsibility (D)enjoy work

8. Irene, CEO of a small company, strongly believes in Douglas McGregor's assumptions about human nature. Which of the following management practices is Irene most likely to favor to maximize employee motivation? (A)a top-down decision-making structure (B) a stringent system of monitoring and controlling employees (C)participatory management (D)making jobs narrower in scope and shallow in depth

9. Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory proposes that ________. (A)extrinsic factors are associated with job dissatisfaction (B) intrinsic factors cause job dissatisfaction (C)intrinsic factors have little effect on job satisfaction (D)extrinsic factors have the maximum effect on job satisfaction

10. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following is a motivator? (A)working conditions (B) responsibility (C)security (D)salary

11. Which of the following is true about Herzberg's two-factor theory? (A)Herzberg's theory has influenced how we currently design jobs. (B) To motivate people, Herzberg suggested emphasizing the hygiene factors of a job. (C)According to Herzberg, removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job will invariably make that job more satisfying and motivating. (D)Herzberg believed that the factors that led to job satisfaction were the same as those that led to job dissatisfaction.

12. The three-needs theory of motivation states that there are three ________ needs that are major motives in work. (A)acquired (B) safety (C)physical (D)innate

13. According to the three-needs theory, the need for ________ is the drive to succeed and excel in relation to a set of standards. (A)achievement (B) affiliation (C)control (D)power

14. According to the three-needs theory, the need for ________ is the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships. (A)control (B) power (C)affiliation (D)achievement

15. People with a high need for achievement ________. (A)prefer moderately challenging goals (B) emphasize the rewards of success (C)make good managers, especially in large organizations (D)emphasize helping others accomplish their goals

16. According to the three-needs theory, the best managers tend to be ________. (A)high in the need for achievement (B) high in the need for security (C)low in the need for affiliation (D)low in the need for power

17. Goal-setting theory says that ________. (A)a generalized goal of "do your best" is likely to be most effective in ensuring high performance (B) to be effective, goals set should be easily achievable for the top performers (C)difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher performance than do easy goals (D)goals should be loosely defined and moderately challenging to maximize motivation

18. Goal-setting theory assumes that an individual is committed to the goal. Commitment is most likely when ________. (A)goals are not made public (B) the individual has an internal locus of control (C)goals are assigned and not self-set (D)the individual has low self-efficacy

19. The goal-setting theory has most value in countries where ________. (A)there is low uncertainty avoidance (B) subordinates are reasonably independent (C)individuals are low in assertiveness (D)there is high power distance

20. In the context of the reinforcement theory, reinforcers are ________. (A)punishments or rewards that are given out for negative or positive employee behavior, respectively (B) the supervisors or managers who have the responsibility of monitoring and reinforcing desired employee behavior (C)the specific, unambiguous goals that have been set for employees as a standard for measuring their performance (D)those consequences that immediately follow a behavior and increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated

21. The way tasks are combined to form complete jobs is referred to as ________. (A)job evaluation (B) job specification (C)job design (D)job rotation

22.________ refers to the horizontal expansion of a job by increasing job scope, or the number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which those tasks are repeated. (A)Empowerment (B) Job sharing (C)Job enrichment (D)Job enlargement

23. ________ refers to the degree of control employees have over their work. (A)Task identity (B) Job scope (C)Job depth (D)Task significance

24. Which of the following is a framework for analyzing and designing jobs that identifies five primary core job dimensions, their interrelationships, and their impact on outcomes. (A)relational perspective of work design (B) job descriptive index (C)job skill matrix (D)job characteristics model

25. In the job characteristics model, task significance refers to the degree to which a job ________. (A)has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people (B) requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work (C)provides freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in carrying out the work (D)requires a variety of activities and uses a number of different employee skills and talents

26. In the job characteristics model, the dimension of ________ refers to the degree to which doing work activities required by a job results in an individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance. (A)feedback (B) task significance (C)task identity (D)autonomy

27. According to the JCM, which job characteristic leads to an employee experiencing responsibility for outcomes of his or her work? (A)skill variety (B) task significance (C)autonomy (D)feedback

28. Sarah is using the JCM to redesign jobs for her small team of writers. After carefully analyzing their jobs, she determines that while their jobs are high in skill variety, task identity, task significance, and autonomy, they receive little feedback about their work. Which of the following steps will enable Sarah to improve this aspect of their jobs? (A)allowing the writers to directly conduct business with their clients (B) making employees responsible for executing a piece of work from start to finish (C)adding editing and proof-reading duties to their existing work (D)allowing writers to choose their topics and assignments

29. The ________ of work design says that employees are taking the initiative to change how their work is performed. (A)job characteristics model (B) proactive perspective (C)relational perspective (D)social model

30. ________ justice is the perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals. (A)Distributive (B) Restorative (C)Procedural (D)Retributive

31. In the expectancy theory, ________ is the degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level is instrumental in attaining the desired outcome. (A)effort–performance linkage (B) valence (C)performance–reward linkage (D)expectancy

32. Which of the following is true about managing cross-cultural motivational challenges? (A)Maslow's needs hierarchy largely remains unchanged across cultures. (B) Most current motivation theories were developed in the United States by Americans and about Americans. (C)Recent evidence suggests that in collectivist cultures, especially in the former socialist countries, of Central and Eastern Europe, employees link pay solely to performance. (D)In masculine cultures such as Japan and Slovakia, the focus is on quality-of-life benefits.

33. To maximize motivation among today's workforce, managers need to think in terms of ________. (A)compensation (B) flexibility (C)job security (D)job autonomy

34. Jack Hammer is a retired man who has decided to seek work with your company to supplement his retirement income. As you consider whether he will be a good fit for your department, you determine that he is likely to find satisfaction in the job because it ________. (A)is in a highly structured work environment (B) provides an opportunity for interpersonal relationships (C)is characterized by a high degree of independence (D)offers convenient and flexible work hours

35. ________ is a motivational approach in which an organization's financial statements are shared with all employees. (A)I-Change model (B) Self-determination approach (C)Open-book management (D)Pay-for-performance

無年度 - ROBBINS英選17#95207

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