109年 - 109東吳大學_碩士班招生考試_心理學系 B 組(臨床)：變態心理學#100836

1. The best definition of mental disorder takes all of the following into account EXCEPT: (A) personal distress. (B) violation of social norms. (C) disability. (D) syndromes.

2. Newer CBT treatments differ from the original CBT treatments in that they emphasize all of the following EXCEPT: (A) spirituality. (B) values. (C) emotions. (D) rational thoughts.

3. Amy experienced extreme pain at the dentist as a child. Now she goes to a different dentist, but feels her heart race when she arrives, and go down when she leaves. Her heart racing whenever she goes to the dentist is due to ________, and the calming feeling when she leaves is due to ________. (A) classical conditioning, operant conditioning. (B) operant conditioning, classical conditioning. (C) classical conditioning, social learning. (D) operant conditioning, social learning.

4. When discussing heritability, it is important to keep in mind all of the following EXCEPT: (A) heritability estimates range from 0.0 to 1.0. (B) the higher the heritability value, the greater the heritability. (C) heritability is relevant for a particular individual. (D) heritability is relevant for large populations.

5. In early adulthood, a process known as _____ occurs in which cell connections in the brain are eliminated. (A) honing (B) pruning (C) linkage analysis (D) a gene-environment interaction

6. You are relying on a dimensional classification scheme and work with individuals who struggle with delusions. Your diagnoses are going to be based upon the __________ of delusions. (A) presence or absence (B) social consequences (C) underlying cause (D) severity

7. Dr. Wang has been treating someone with an unusual combination of symptoms. He notes that there is no published research on such a combination of symptoms, and considers developing a case study. How would Dr. Wang conduct this study? (A) Try to find other cases like the one he is treating. (B) Gather detailed historical and biographical information on this single individual. (C) Examine treatment response using an open design. (D) Withhold treatment in an effort to fully understand the significance of symptoms.

8. Psychopathologists rely upon correlational research since (A) it is effective in determining cause and effect. (B) many of the variables they wish to study cannot be manipulated. (C) ethical considerations prevent them from doing case studies. (D) they cannot measure all the constructs.

9. If Stephanie is characterized as a person high in neuroticism, she (A) is not likely to become depressed, but likely to become anxious. (B) is at elevated risk for developing depression. (C) is likely to experience low levels of anxiety, but high levels of depression. (D) is most likely clinically depressed.

10. In the past year, Jenny has had three depressive episodes and two manic episodes. Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses would best fit Jenny? (A) bipolar I disorder -- rapid cycling specifier (B) bipolar II disorder -- rapid cycling specifier (C) cyclothymia (D) major depressive disorder -- rapid cycling specifier

11. The two types of medications most commonly used to treat anxiety are (A) mood stabilizers and antidepressants. (B) antidepressants and benzodiazepines. (C) benzodiazepines and anticonvulsants. (D) anticonvulsants and beta-blockers.

12. A major psychological hypothesis regarding the onset of panic involves (A) a fundamental problem with breathing control. (B) difficulties in relaxing. (C) a concern with, and misinterpretation of, bodily sensations. (D) excessive attempts to relax that fail.

13. Efforts to inhibit obsessive thoughts (A) may increase obsessional thinking and negative mood. (B) may be a helpful strategy for obsessive-compulsives to use. (C) result in other problems, such as stress-induced illnesses. (D) are easier if a significant other is involved to encourage and reinforce the suppression of obsessive thoughts.

14. Which of the following is NOT one of the DSM-5 categories for PTSD? (A) intrusively re-experiencing the traumatic event (B) avoidance of stimuli associated with the event (C) mood and cognitive changes following the trauma (D) forgetfulness and disorientation following the trauma

15. Emma was brutally assaulted outside the local 7-Eleven. Although she cannot recall the details of the assault, she becomes terrified when she drives past the 7-Eleven. This is an example of a situation in which a person (A) has an explicit memory, but no implicit memory. (B) has neither explicit nor implicit memory. (C) will most likely develop dissociative identity disorder. (D) has no explicit memory, but has an implicit memory.

16. Rocky complained of complete lack of sensation in both knees, but a physical exam revealed no physiological damage. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis for Rocky? (A) factitious disorder (B) somatic symptom disorder (C) conversion disorder (D) illness anxiety disorder

17. John has schizophrenia and is living with his parents. One of his symptoms is a difficulty initiating any activity, and once started, he is unable to finish. This is an example of (A) akathisia. (B) anhedonia. (C) avolition. (D) alogia.

18. Research investigating the role of the family in schizophrenia best supports the (A) schizophrenogenic mother theory. (B) triangulation theory. (C) expressed emotion theory. (D) dopamine theory.

19. Delirium tremens refers to (A) a symptom of conversion disorder. (B) the symptoms that accompany an overdose of heroin. (C) the symptoms that may accompany withdrawal from alcohol. (D) the hallucinations common in schizophrenia.

20. Antabuse is a medication for those with alcoholism which (A) reduces anxiety during the detoxification period. (B) helps replace the nutrients lost through malnutrition. (C) mimics the physiological effects of alcohol without creating the same psychological effects. (D) causes violent vomiting when alcohol is ingested.

21. __________ refers to a loss of appetite, while __________ indicates that it is due to emotional reasons. (A) bulimia, anorexia (B) anorexia, nervosa (C) nervosa, anorexia (D) anorexia, bulimia

22. Research regarding the role of the hypothalamus in anorexia nervosa indicates that (A) the hypothalamus is damaged in most individuals with anorexia. (B) hypothalamus dysfunction is the most likely explanation for the fact that people with anorexia do not experience hunger. (C) the hypothalamus appears to be overactive in people with anorexia, leading to binge eating. (D) dysfunction in the hypothalamus does not seem to be an important factor in anorexia.

23. Which of the following is NOT a subcategory of paraphilia in the DSM-5? (A) fetishistic disorder (B) sexual arousal disorder (C) transvestic disorder (D) exhibitionistic disorder

24. Jean experiences pain during sexual intercourse. The frequency of pain has been so great that she now dreads the prospect of possible sexual encounters, despite experiencing sexual arousal while observing films depicting sexual acts other than intercourse. Jean most likely is suffering from (A) female orgasmic disorder. (B) genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (C) female sexual interest/arousal disorder. (D) vaginismus.

25. Sara, a junior in high school, was recently suspended from school for stealing money from ninth-graders, writing graffiti on the bathroom walls, and beating up another student. Sara's teacher reports that she has very few friends. The most likely diagnosis for Sara would be (A) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (B) antisocial personality disorder. (C) oppositional defiant disorder. (D) conduct disorder.

26. What term is used to describe the following communication: Teacher: “What are you playing with, Cart?” Cart: “He’s playing ball.” (A) poverty of speech (B) pronoun reversal (C) echolalia (D) alogia

27. After being released from a brief hospitalization for minor surgery, 70-year-old Mrs. Ben seemed distractible and disoriented. She did not even recognize her husband when he came to pick her up from the hospital. After they returned home, they discussed their plans for the weekend and Mrs. Ben seemed fine, but as night came on, she could not sleep and began accusing Mr. Ben of throwing away her belongings while she was away. Which of the following disorders best fits Mrs. Ben's symptoms? (A) delusional (paranoid) disorder (B) early dementia, probably Alzheimer’s disease (C) delirium (D) depression

28. Depression in older adults differs from depression in younger adults by having higher levels of (A) cognitive symptoms. (B) suicidal ideation. (C) hostility. (D) agitation.

29. Which neurotransmitter system has been implicated in anger control and has been used for borderline personality? (A) norepinephrine (B) serotonin (C) GABA (D) dopamine

30. Which of the following is emphasized in Linehan’s Dialectical Behavior Therapy for borderline personality disorder? (A) systematic assessment before therapy begins (B) calm acceptance of contradictions and acting out (C) focusing on fears of vulnerability in a dangerous, unpredictable world (D) setting appropriate limits clearly from the beginning

31. If an individual is acquitted on a Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity plea, he or she is (A) committed to a forensic hospital for an indefinite amount of time. (B) generally placed in a maximum security prison. (C) able to walk free, but with strict requirements for outpatient psychiatric treatment. (D) placed in a psychiatric hospital until he or she is deemed ready to reenter society.

32. The Tarasoff case led to the ruling that a therapist who learns that a client is threatening to harm someone must (A) take steps to have the person committed. (B) physically detain the client. (C) warn the intended victim of the client’s threat. (D) break confidentiality and notify police or other authorities that the person is dangerous.

109年 - 109東吳大學_碩士班招生考試_心理學系 B 組(臨床)：變態心理學#100836

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