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110年 - 110東吳大學_碩士班招生考試_心理學系︰變態心理學#100048

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆變態心理學 | 年份：110年 | 選擇題數：7 | 申論題數：26

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆變態心理學

選擇題 (7)

二、選擇題 
1. Dietary restraint studies suggest that people who are starved (A) stop being scared of food. (B) may become preoccupied with food and eating. (C) lose interest in food over time. (D) eventually adjust to starvation diets.
2. Angelina has had difficulty falling asleep for some time. She started taking a prescribed sleeping pill every night for her insomnia. Now, she needs the pill to fall asleep. Without it, she will toss and turn all night, getting little sleep. Angelina is (A) dependent and drug abusive. (B) dependent and not drug abusive. (C) dependent but not physiologically addicted. (D) dependent and tolerant.
3. In the Stroop color naming paradigm, a patient with a blood phobia would be expected to name the color of the printed word "wound" (A) more quickly than a neutral word. (B) in about the same time it takes to name the color of a neutral word. (C) more slowly than a neutral word. (D) with a great deal of difficulty or not at all.
4. Which of the following statements reflects "circumstantial evidence" for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia? (A) Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) act as dopamine agonists, increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain. (B) Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) can produce symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease (a disorder due to insufficient dopamine). (C) The drug L-dopa, a dopamine agonist, is used to treat schizophrenic symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. (D) Amphetamines, which activate dopamine, can lessen psychotic symptoms in people with schizophrenia.
5. What is the biggest difference between someone who has panic attacks versus someone who has panic disorder? (A) People with panic disorder avoid images associated with the threat (B) People with panic disorder have more panic attacks (C) People with panic disorder fear having another panic attack (D) People with panic disorder always have panic attacks in the same/similar places
6. Which of the following descriptions about DSM-5 is INCORRECT? (A) Removal of the multiaxial diagnostic system. (B) The addition of ratings in the DSM-5 did not change the categories of disorders, but rather provides clinicians with additional information for dimensional assessment. (C) One of the most unreliable categories in current classification is in the area of personality disorders. (D) Augmentation of the personality disorders category that increases the number of diagnoses from 10 to 15.
7. Which of the following is an example of the treatment technique for OCD called exposure and ritual prevention (ERP)? (A) Carrie has an obsessive fear of contamination that has led to compulsive hand-washing rituals. Her therapist is treating her by making her touch dirty laundry but not allowing her to wash for increasingly longer periods of time afterward. (B) Kerry has an obsessive fear of contamination that has led to compulsive hand-washing rituals. Her therapist is treating her by forcing her to wash her hands repeatedly, even when she doesn't feel anxious. (C) Kelly has religious obsessions. She feels that if she doesn't read biblical passages every hour of the day, she will do something evil. Her therapist is treating her by having her using good religious thoughts to replace the bad ones. (D) Callie has a hoarding compulsion. She becomes anxious whenever she has to throw something away; she even keeps stuff that she doesn't need and will never use. Her therapist has arranged for all Callie's junk to be dumped when she is away from home

申論題 (26)

1. _____(1)____ is a psychological intervention that mainly uses shaping and positive reinforcement to improve specific behaviors.
2. _____(2)____ is an umbrella category that covers a group of mental disturbances in which a person intentionally fakes physical or psychological symptoms in order to assume the role of the patient without clear benefits.
3. A person who does not talk to anyone, and appears indifferent to other people. It is clear that he neither desires nor enjoys closeness with others. He does not act in any obviously unusual ways, nor does he appear to possess strange beliefs about the world. This behavioral pattern appears to be typical to _____(3)____.
4. A person who drinks too much alcohol may be able to perform complicated tasks, such as dancing, carrying on a conversation or even driving a car, but later have no memory of those escapades. These periods of amnesia, commonly known as “blackouts.” Neuroscientists have identified the brain cells involved in blackouts. The mechanism involves NMDA receptors that transmit _____(4)____, which is one of the most important excitatory neurotransmitters.
5. Jo has been ordered to attend counseling because she assaulted one of her husband’s female coworkers. At the first session, she appeared highly guarded and refused to answer many of the questions posed to her. Eventually the therapist determined that Jo believed her husband was having an affair with the woman she attacked. Her husband has denied the affair and he, along with several other people, has repeatedly told Jo that the coworker is happily involved in a long-term relationship with her female partner. In the end, Jo angrily stomped out of the therapy session because she became convinced that the therapist was also attracted to her husband and was “just looking for dirt on her.” The behavioral pattern of Jo appears to be typical to _____(5)____.
6. Among diagnoses of mood disorders, compared to an individual with persistent depressive disorder, it would be accurate to say that an individual with _____(6)____ probably would be considered "moody."
7. Children who may have been diagnosed with Bipolar I or II Disorder in the past are now typically diagnosed with _____(7)____ in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition.
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10. Extremely low levels of ____(15)____ are DIRECTLY associated with increased anxiety.
11. For ____(16)____, avoidance of imagery is accompanied by decreased arousal of the autonomic nervous system.
12. Patty has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Most recently, she has been lying immobile for long periods. If someone moves one of her arms to a different position, it just stays there. Katie has stopped speaking and does not appear to hear what is being said to her. A ____(17)____ specifier can be applied to her diagnosis of major depressive disorder.
13. Researchers have used single photon emission tomography (SPET) to measure regional cerebral blood flow with the aim of identifying brain areas that are especially active during auditory hallucination. They found that blood flow was significantly greater during hallucinations than in the non-hallucinating state in ____(18)____ of the brain. These observations support the theory that people who are hallucinating are not hearing the voices of others but are listening to their own thoughts.
14. Suicide associated with bipolar disorder almost always occurs during ____(19)____.
15. Susan, a woman of relatively normal weight, sometimes eats huge quantities of junk food with no ability to stop herself. She follows this with long periods of complete fasting. Based on this information, Susan might be diagnosed with ____(20)____.
16. The most usual pattern of a temporal specifier in major depressive disorder, occurring in the late fall and ending with the beginning of spring, is known as ____(21)____ specifier.
17. The symptoms of social anxiety disorder and ____(22)____ are so similar that many mental health professionals wonder whether they are in fact two separate disorders.
18. Underarousal and fearlessness are the two major bio-psychological theories that have been proposed to explain ____(23)____ (disorder).
三、申論題 
1. 你的朋友 F 說他會一直哭、吃不下、睡不好，可能得了憂鬱症，但是他不確定，他 知道你主修臨床心理學，因此來詢問你是否可以提供某種生理檢查來確認他是不是 得了憂鬱症，就你所學，你會如何向他說明。
2. 除了檢查以外，F 也想知道憂鬱症的成因，網路上的資訊很多，例如 Endocrine 的角 度認為他們 corticotropin-releasing hormone 升高。就變態心理學的知識，有哪些觀 點，這些觀點怎麼說明憂鬱症的病理機制，請詳述。
3. 你發展了一套新的心理治療法—HAAPY，針對改善重鬱症患者之憂鬱症狀，你預計 招募 100 位重鬱患者，驗證 HAAPY 是否具有療效，接下來，請你說明你會如何設 計這項實驗以驗證 HAAPY 之療效，並說明為什麼。
● 提示：請考量實驗或隨機控制嘗試（Randomized controlled trial；RCT）需具備的 元素。