11 下列何者是橫斷研究（cross-sectional）的主要缺點？
(A) Cohort effect
(B) Cross-generational effect
(C) Generation effect
(D) Expectancy effect

題目出處： Barlow, D. H., Durand, V. M., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018).
Abnormal psychology: An integrative approach. 8E, Ch4. Research Methods ,p120. 
原文：

In cross-sectional designs, the participants in each age group 

are called cohorts; Brown and Finn studied three cohorts:

12-year-olds, 15-year-olds, and 17-year-olds.

The members of each cohort are the same age at the same time and thus

have all been exposed to similar experiences. Members of one cohort differ

from members of other cohorts in age and in their exposure to cultural and 

historical experiences. This cohort effect, the confounding of age and

experience, is a limitation of the cross-sectional design.

橫斷研究(cross-sectional)缺點是Cohort effect 縱貫研究(longitudinal)缺點是Cross-generational effect