26. Ben and Dan are ________.
(A) supervisors
(B) top managers
(C) first-line managers
(D) middle managers

22. Which of the following is true regarding the changes that a manager's job is undergoing? (A) Digitization hardly affects a manager's responsibilities. (B) Innovative efforts are exclusively important for managers serving in high-tech organizations. (C) According to managers, employees contribute the least to the success of a customer service organization. (D) Managers practicing sustainability integrate economic, environmental, and social opportunities into the business strategy.

23. The universality of management means that ________. (A) all managers in all organizations perform the same quantity of managerial functions (B) all managers in all organizations perform the four management functions (C) any manager can work in any organization and perform any management function (D) all managers in all organizations perform managerial functions in similar ways

24. Which of the following represents one of the challenges of management? (A) have to deal with a variety of personalities (B) enjoy relatively easy work (C) have little influence on organizational outcomes (D) support, coach, and nurture others

25. Kelly is a ________. (A) first-line manager (B) top manager (C) middle manager (D) nonmanagerial employee

27. McKenna is a ________. (A) supervisor (B) first-line manager (C) middle manager (D) top manager

28. Kelly, Ben, Dan, and McKenna are part of an organization that has a ________. (A) traditional committee structure (B) traditional pyramid structure (C) modern jury structure (D) modern matrix structure

29. When Joe decides as to how many units of output his employees should produce, he is performing which of the following management functions? (A) leading (B) controlling (C) planning (D) organizing

30. When Joe checks the amount of output that the employees have completed and the number of units that have been rejected, he is performing which of the following management functions? (A) planning (B) leading (C) organizing (D) controlling

31. When Joe tells the employees that he is sure they can fulfill the schedule because they are good and skilled employees, he is performing which of the following management functions? (A) planning (B) leading (C) controlling (D) organizing

32. Which of the following is true for Adam before his promotion? (A) His technical skills are of the utmost priority. (B) He need not have any empirical skills (C) He need not possess any human skills. (D) His conceptual skills are of the utmost priority.